The 7th World Kidney Day 2012 is held on March 8, 2012, and the focus on kidney health starts now! The slogan of this year’s Kidney Day is “Donate a kidney, get a new life”, and the theme is “Donate a kidney, extend your life”.
Kidneys – human body “detoxification experts”
The human body’s two kidneys are located on both sides of the spine in the shape of broad beans, with little weight, but vital, not only to remove toxins produced by human metabolism, but also in maintaining the body’s water, electrolytes, acid-base balance to play a regulatory role in maintaining the stability of the human body environment, in addition, it can secrete certain hormones, regulate the body’s blood pressure, but also to promote hematopoiesis, to prevent human anemia.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is as high as 12%, and the early stage can be asymptomatic. There are about 100 million kidney disease patients in China, but few of them actually know they have the disease and treat it, and most of them do not discover it until it develops seriously, and by then it is very difficult to treat. Once kidney failure (also called uremia) occurs, treatment is costly, with a yearly treatment cost of about 100,000 RMB, which brings a huge financial burden to the patient’s family. In addition, due to the shortage of kidney sources, only less than 1/10 of uremic patients in the country can undergo kidney transplantation every year.
Factors related to the high prevalence of kidney disease
The high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in recent years is mainly due to some unreasonable changes in people’s lifestyle, such as excessive consumption of certain nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, salt, etc.) and reduced exercise; at the same time, due to increased work pressure, excessive mental stress, lack of sleep, as well as smoking, alcoholism, various environmental pollution and other factors, making diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, The prevalence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, and chronic kidney disease secondary to these metabolic diseases is increasing. In addition, the prevalence of various infections (hepatitis, etc.), immune-mediated primary or secondary nephropathies remains high; drug-related kidney damage due to drug abuse or irregular drug use and the increasing aging of the population are also reasons for the significant increase in the prevalence of kidney disease.
Early diagnosis and early treatment is the key to prevention and treatment of kidney disease, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, back pain, increased nocturia, general edema, increased blood pressure, numbness in hands and feet, drowsiness, slow reaction and other manifestations, should go to the hospital as soon as possible to do a more comprehensive examination, clear diagnosis, timely treatment.
How to protect kidney function and slow down the progress of kidney failure in kidney disease patients
How to prevent or delay the deterioration of kidney function is a common concern for every kidney disease patient. Here we will talk about how to protect kidney function and delay the progression of kidney failure.
1, timely treatment of primary diseases causing renal failure are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes, hypertension are the most common. Timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment of chronic nephritis and other primary diseases is a key part of the prevention and treatment of chronic renal failure. After the remission of the primary disease, the kidney function can be restored to a certain extent.
2, reasonable diet chronic kidney disease patients are generally accompanied by malnutrition, so the diet should be reasonably adjusted to eggs, milk, lean meat and fresh vegetables, and do not overeat.
3, prevention of colds and flu respiratory infections are the most common cause of induced and aggravated kidney function damage. Cold can make the body’s immune function decline, often secondary to infection. It has been reported that nearly 40% of chronic nephritis is aggravated by the cold.
4, careful use of drugs some drugs (including some Chinese medicine) have toxic effects on the kidneys, so patients need to be careful with these drugs: such as anti-inflammatory analgesics, gentamicin antibiotics, drugs containing potassium and mercury and traditional Chinese medicine such as Cang Er Zi Lei Gong Teng Cao Wu Mu Tong.
5, the combination of work and rest, pay attention to the rest of the body metabolites increase after exertion, will increase the burden on the kidneys, but also make the body resistance to reduce.
Peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are two different types of dialysis, peritoneal dialysis is the use of the body’s own natural semi-permeable membrane (peritoneum) to carry out blood purification, commonly known as washing the stomach. The peritoneum is a membrane that covers the lining of the abdominal cavity and the layer of organs. A permanent hose is implanted in the patient’s abdominal cavity, and after the action of the peritoneal dialysis fluid, the body’s wastes are exchanged out and then fresh dialysis fluid is injected. The dialysis fluid is changed about 3 to 4 times a day for about 30 minutes each time. Hemodialysis is commonly known as dialysis or dialysis. An arteriovenous fistula must be created, and once the fistula is mature, blood is injected at a fixed rate into an artificial semi-permeable membrane (artificial kidney), which is then purified and returned to the body by a machine. Patients treated in this way must be treated in a hospital, approximately 2 to 3 times a week for about 4 to 5 hours each time.
Advantages of peritoneal dialysis.
Treatment time is more flexible and can be performed at home, in the unit or any clean place; the time used for operation is greatly reduced; blood pressure is more stable; the possibility of anemia is lower and diet control is more relaxed; no need to lance needles and pain is eliminated. The risk of blood infection is reduced, and water and food restrictions are wider. Disadvantages: Risk of peritonitis; weight gain and elevated blood triglycerides; small amount of protein can be lost.
Advantages of hemodialysis.
It is operated by medical professionals and does not need to be done by oneself; there is less waste accumulated in the body after dialysis treatment; there is a fixed time to go to the hospital every week, which can improve the exchange of experience in disease prevention and treatment among patients. Disadvantages: Needles need to be inserted each time; anemia is more serious; blood pressure is affected before and after dialysis, which is not good for patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes; strict control of diet is required; discomfort is easier to occur before dialysis; dialysis time cannot be changed arbitrarily, and the risk of blood infection of hepatitis B and C is greatly increased.
The more agreed integrated treatment plan is: in order to protect the patient’s residual kidney function as much as possible, kidney failure patients first for about 10 years of peritoneal dialysis; after the treatment effect can not be maintained, then choose hemodialysis; if the kidney function has been close to the limit, in conditions permitting kidney transplantation treatment.
What conditions should be met by kidney transplant patients
Not all uremic patients can undergo kidney transplantation, and the following conditions have to be met.
(1) The age range of uremic patients should preferably be between 12-65 years old; patients older than 65 years old, but with normal heart, lung and liver organ function, stable blood pressure and good mental status can also be considered for kidney transplantation.
(2) Patients with irreversible renal failure caused by chronic nephritis with end-stage uremia or other renal diseases;
(3) After hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment, patients with uremia are in good general condition, without potential foci of infection in the body, and can tolerate kidney transplantation;
(4) Uremic patients without a history of active ulcers, tumors, hepatitis and tuberculosis, and without a history of psychiatric or neurological disease.
(5) Patients who are well matched with the tissue of the kidney source.
With the development of modern scientific research technology, the success rate of kidney transplantation has improved. Most kidney transplantation centers have no absolute age limit for transplantation patients, and the decision to administer a kidney transplant is based mainly on the patient’s physical condition.
Clinical studies have also found that the best results in kidney transplantation are achieved by identical twins, followed by couples (for reasons to be clarified), and then by parents donating a kidney to their children.
Kidney transplantation cannot be done in patients who
① have malignant tumors.
② Critical condition that cannot tolerate kidney transplantation;
⑧ Persistent heart failure;
④ chronic respiratory failure.
⑤ Severe cardiovascular disease;
⑥Severe congenital malformations of the urinary system that are difficult to correct surgically;
(7) Chronic refractory infections
⑧ disorders of coagulation mechanism
⑨ Psychiatric patients.
Donate kidney to extend life – love, let the flower of life bloom again