Recent Effects of Estrogen on Women’s Health The effects of estrogen on women’s health are divided into immediate and long-term effects. Immediate effects are mainly manifested by changes in menstruation and changes in mood, while changes in menstruation include prolonged periods, irregular periods or amenorrhea. Menopause is a retrospective diagnosis that requires more than one year of complete absence of menstruation and is supported by blood values to be established. The transitional period of menopause lasts for some time and therefore the menopause is correspondingly longer, during which many patients experience menstrual or mood changes, the two areas of greatest concern. Other recent changes include mood, sleep, hot flashes, sweating, etc. These changes vary from person to person and are not present in all individuals, as are changes in menstruation. Recent effects do not occur in all people, so many women are unaware that they are entering menopause. The distant changes are more pronounced than the immediate effects. Long-term effects of estrogen on women’s health Long-term effects include aging of bones, cardiovascular and organs. The aging of organs is mainly reflected in changes in appearance, such as bones curving, redistribution of subcutaneous fat, and muscle disappearing and being replaced by fat, so that although they look fatter, they do not gain weight. The changes in bones are mostly in the form of an increased risk of fractures. The most important is the effect on the heart. Before menopause, the incidence of heart disease is higher in men than in women, while in women the incidence rises rapidly after menopause because estrogen protects the heart. Estrogen protects a woman’s health, so many health problems can occur after menopause.