Age of menopause: The average age of menopause is about 49.5 years for urban women and 47.5 years for rural women in China. Factors affecting menopause include: menarche; marital status and childbirth; life and nutritional status; oral contraceptives; psycho-spiritual factors; smoking, etc. Physiological changes in perimenopausal women: With the decline of ovarian function and the degeneration of hypothalamic pituitary function, ovaries tend to stop ovulating, estrogen secretion decreases, gonadotropin gradually increases, and FSH increases. The changes in the breast are related to hormone levels. The breast begins to atrophy in the premenopausal period, and after menopause, with the extension of time, the breast gradually degenerates and some of the ducts are atrophied. There are many postmenopausal women with incomplete breast degeneration or even breast hyperplasia, so menopause does not mean that the breast gland is completely atrophied or goodbye to breast disease. Recommendations for breast examination of perimenopausal women: 1. High-risk groups for breast cancer: patients who have previously suffered from breast cancer or have a history of benign breast tumors; those with a family history of breast cancer; women whose first pregnancy is older than 30; women who eat too much animal fat and are overweight after menopause; women with certain chronic breast diseases (such as ductal epithelial atypical hyperplasia, papillomatosis, etc.); women whose first menstruation is before the age of 12 Women who have menopause before the age of 12 or after the age of 55; women who use estrogen to control menopausal symptoms. Many women tend to gain weight during menopause and take estrogen-rich drugs or foods to ease the discomfort of menopause, all of which can increase the risk of breast cancer. 2. Self-examination: First of all, self-examination of breast is not simply pinching and grasping the breast, this kind of examination often makes people feel that there are many nodules of different sizes in the breast, and sometimes there is a sore or painful feeling, you can use your own palm flat on the breast to gently touch and press in one direction, the scope should include the whole breast and underarm, pay attention to whether there are obvious lumps, nipple changes, skin changes, etc. Secondly, if you find a breast lump or nipple invagination, you should not let it go because you don’t feel painful or take medicine at your own discretion, but you should go to a specialist for a medical checkup in time. It is recommended to have a breast self-examination once a month and a clinical checkup at a hospital or specialized medical examination institution once every 4-6 months. 3, auxiliary examination: B ultrasound is the most commonly used and convenient examination method, which is painless, non-invasive and can be repeated within a short period of time, and can detect diseases such as lobular hyperplasia, breast lumps, breast inflammation or abscesses; mammography: it is commonly known as mammography or breast film, which can detect not only lumps and nodules but also calcifications, and X-ray and B ultrasound complement each other. For women over 50 years old, it is recommended to have bilateral mammograms once or twice a year, and for women with high risk factors for breast cancer, it is recommended to have annual checkups from the age of 40; MRI has a high ability to distinguish soft tissues and can detect lumps that are difficult to be defined by ultrasound and mammography, and can also clarify the relationship between lumps and surrounding tissues as well as lymph nodes; endoscopy: nipple overflow in breast cancer mainly occurs in women over 50 years old with unilateral bloody nipples. Breast duct endoscopy can clearly observe the wall of breast ducts and secretions to help diagnosis; breast lump biopsy is both a treatment method and a means of diagnosis, one should not refuse biopsy or hesitate to delay because of fear of surgery, which will lose the best time for treatment.