Menopause is not the presence or absence of menstruation, but the failure of ovarian function. 12 months after the last menstruation in women over 40 years of age without menstruation can be clinically diagnosed as menopause, after excluding pregnancy. The sex hormones fluctuate in different degrees throughout the process of menopause, FSH > 40, LH > 40, and estrogen decline, all suggesting a decline in ovarian function, and amenorrhea for 1 year can be judged as menopause. I. Complications of menopause 1. Age-related vaginitis: lower estrogen levels reduce local resistance and vulnerability to infection by parasitic flora; 2. Osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency can cause impaired calcium absorption and reduced calcitonin secretion; 3. Osteoarthritis: loss of sex hormone protection and abnormal levels of related cytokines play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis; 4. Menopausal urinary incontinence: estrogen deficiency makes the pubic bone muscles, fascia and ligaments to relax, and the function of supporting tissues to decline, which cannot maintain normal urethral position and bladder tension. 1. General treatment (1) Psychological guidance; (2) If necessary, use appropriate sedative drugs to help sleep; (3) Encourage the establishment of a healthy lifestyle. (2) Hormone supplementation therapy is used when there are indications and no contraindications to hormones, including estrogen and progestin replacement, and the drugs should be chosen under the guidance of a doctor.