Cryptococcal meningitis is a subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by infection of the meninges and brain parenchyma by a new type of cryptococcus, and is the most common fungal infection of the central nervous system. It is most prevalent in adults aged 30-60 years, and has a high morbidity and mortality rate after onset of illness. Cryptococcus neoformans mainly invades the human lungs and central nervous system, mainly through the respiratory tract to invade the lungs and form jelly-like nodular foci, but also through the skin, mucous membranes or intestinal tract to invade the human body; in the decline of immunity, it can be disseminated through the bloodstream to enter the central nervous system, with a large amount of value-added in the meninges and brain parenchyma, and there are also a small number of cases of direct diffusion to the brain by the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. Cryptococcal meningitis often has an insidious onset and slow progression, with irregular low-grade fever in the early stage or mild intermittent headache, which gradually worsens. With the progression of the disease, patients may have paroxysmal headache, nausea, frequent vomiting, blurred vision and other manifestations of high cranial pressure, and the examination may show cervical rigidity, Kernig’s sign, Brudzinski’s sign is positive, and in severe cases, symptoms of cranial nerve damage and brain parenchyma injury may appear. Cerebrospinal fluid examination has increased pressure, increased protein content, decreased sugar and chloride content; cerebrospinal fluid smear ink stain can be seen with pods of the new cryptococcus. The treatment of cryptococcal meningitis is mainly antifungal treatment, need to pay attention to the combination of drugs and multi-pathway drug administration, commonly used drugs are amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine and fluconazole, in addition to antifungal treatment, attention should be paid to dehydration to reduce the cranial pressure, analgesia, protection of the optic nerve, and prevention of cerebral herniation.