Before preparing for pregnancy, women of childbearing age should do all the preparations, especially those who have suffered from adnexitis or have a history of miscarriage, should have an X-ray hysterosalpingogram 3-7 days after menstruation to understand the patency of the fallopian tubes, if the fallopian tubes are open, pregnancy can be assured. If the fallopian tubes are open, pregnancy is not possible because the consequence of open tubes is often ectopic pregnancy or infertility. The consequences of ectopic pregnancy are often very serious, ranging from damage to the fallopian tubes, which may require repair or removal, to life-threatening consequences. According to foreign statistics, 82.4% of ectopic pregnancies are caused by poorly functioning fallopian tubes, so treatment of poorly functioning fallopian tubes is the key to preventing ectopic pregnancies. Due to the influence of many factors, many patients have gone into many misunderstandings in the process of treatment of tubal incompetence. Myth #1: Use medication, drug enemas or physical therapy to treat tubal insufficiency. About 82.4% of tubal incompetence is caused by infectious inflammation of the fallopian tubes. Infectious inflammation is often transient and short-term. Almost 100% of the tubal adhesions caused by inflammation are permanent, and almost 100% of the tubal incompetence is found in the post-marital infertility examination, when and what caused the tubal adhesions has become a historical headless case, and anti-inflammatory treatment at this period is too late to mend the fold. The only anti-inflammatory treatment and medication available is during the acute tubal inflammation period. Of course, short-term medication after the tubes have been unblocked is very important, as the surrounding tissues are often in a state of inflammation, congestion and edema, which can easily lead to adhesions and obstruction again. The use of gentamicin, dexamethasone, chymotrypsin, salvia, ozone and other medications while the tubes are unblocked can promote local blood circulation, enhance local tissue repair, reduce re-adhesion of the tubes and keep the tubes open. The main function of this digestive tract is to absorb water, store stool and expel stool, which is a human waste dump for drug treatment of fallopian tube failure. The local physiotherapy such as high frequency heat therapy, far infrared physiotherapy, microwave, short wave, constant frequency magnetic resonance can only improve the local blood circulation, for the treatment of partial obstruction of the fallopian tube located in the abdominal cavity due to fibrous tissue adhesion can only be a boot rubbing zing, it is impossible to produce any therapeutic effect. Myth 2: Repeated lavage is commonly used in some hospitals to treat tubal obstruction. Tubal lavage examination was commonly used before the 1980s because of its simple equipment, easy operation and low price. However, in clinical practice, it was found that the misdiagnosis rate of this method was as high as 50% or more, which could not determine the site of tubal obstruction, nor could it clarify the severity and nature of tubal obstruction, and there was a risk of tubal rupture and haemorrhage as in ectopic pregnancy. Because this method is blind, it is impossible to understand the patency of the fallopian tubes under direct vision, and can only be used to analyze and judge whether the tubes are open or not based on the surgeon’s direct sensation, which is often unreliable due to various factors, resulting in a misdiagnosis rate of more than 50% for the diagnosis of patency of the fallopian tubes. In patients with tubal umbilical blockage, because the luminal muscle layer of the tubal umbilical end is very thin, the fluid injected through the uterine catheter during the lavage process accumulates in the umbilical ends of the tubes bilaterally, and there is no resistance during the fluid injection. This examination method has now been abandoned in hospitals where it is available, and all tubal lavage examinations have been replaced by trans-x-ray hysterosalpingography. In some hospitals and clinics with poor conditions, tubal lavage is still used as a test for tubal patency, and some patients have been repeatedly lavaged in several hospitals, which not only does not help in treating tubal incompetence or incompetence, but also easily induces new infections, making the already incompetent tubes “worse”. The unreliability of the tubal lavage test is sometimes not due to irresponsibility on the part of the doctor, but rather to the limitations of the test itself. The tubal lavage test is often based on the patient’s sensation of whether or not it hurts, and the doctor’s own sensation of whether or not there is resistance to determine whether or not the fallopian tubes are open. It is not known that the patient’s nervousness and tubal spasm can cause pain during the lavage; the operating doctor does not feel much resistance when the umbilical ends of the tubes are obstructed bilaterally. Myth 3: In some hospitals, laparoscopic and hysteroscopic tubal intubation and lavage or combined hystero-abdominal surgery are commonly used for the treatment of tubal incompetence. Laparoscopy for treatment of tubal patency: In recent years, with the massive application of obstetrical and gynecological endoscopy, new methods have been provided for tubal patency examination, including laparoscopic direct vision tubal lavage examination, hysteroscopic intubation lavage test through the tubal opening and combined laparoscopic and hysteroscopic examination, tuboscopy and other methods. Since endoscopic surgery requires high instrumentation, laparoscopy is still an invasive procedure and can only understand whether the fallopian tubes are patent and the obstruction at the umbilical end of the fallopian tubes and the adhesions around the fallopian tubes, there is no way to understand the specific site and nature of the blockage or the poorly patent fallopian tubes. Further diagnosis and separation of peri-fallopian tube adhesions may be considered. Laparoscopic ostomy can be performed if the tubal umbilical adhesions and fluid accumulation are diagnosed by conventional transx-ray hysterosalpingography, while laparoscopy cannot be used to solve the problem of tubal incompetence caused by partial narrowing of the inner lumen of the fallopian tube. Hysteroscopy is mainly an examination method used to understand the internal situation of the uterine cavity, it can clearly understand the microscopic lesions in the uterine cavity under direct vision through the combination of cold light source and endoscope, which is a kind of microscopic examination, but there is no way to understand the situation outside the uterine cavity, because the narrowing of the tubal lumen can neither be observed nor experienced during tubal intubation and recanalization, which is only a kind of blind insertion and blind passage. As a result, the chances of tubal perforation due to blind insertion and blind passage are significantly increased, and more serious damage and adverse consequences may occur as the perforation cannot be detected in time. The combined hysteroscopy and laparoscopy to check the patency of the fallopian tubes also has great limitations, because hysteroscopy can only understand the internal situation of the uterus, while laparoscopy can only understand the specific situation in the abdominal cavity and the tissue structure around the fallopian tubes and the presence of adhesions, i.e., the blockage of adhesions at the umbilical end of the fallopian tubes and the effect of adhesions around the fallopian tubes on the peristaltic function of the fallopian tubes, i.e., through these two methods, we can only understand the peristaltic function of the fallopian tubes. In other words, by these two methods, we can only understand the situation at and around the ends of the fallopian tubes, but not the specific location and nature of the tubal lumen. Since we do not know the site and nature of the obstruction in the tubal lumen, we cannot talk about the efficacy of the treatment. Since the narrowing of the tubal lumen cannot be observed or experienced during the tubal reintubation process, it is only a kind of blind insertion and blind passage, therefore, there is no way to detect the inappropriate or excessive insertion in time and the chance of tubal perforation due to blind insertion and blind passage increases significantly. The risk of more serious damage and adverse consequences is significantly increased. It is only useful for the treatment of incomplete obstruction at the umbilical end of the fallopian tube. Misconception 4: Since tubal incompetence is the main cause of ectopic pregnancy, it is believed that IVF can prevent the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. With the development of reproductive medicine and the emergence of IVF, more and more infertility patients, and even some medical professionals, take IVF as the first choice for infertility treatment and abandon basic diagnosis and treatment, which is not only economically costly but also may cause serious complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and most hospitals highly recommend this technology due to the drive of economic interests. In fact, most infertility cases can be resolved in primary care hospitals at a relatively low cost. The widespread use of IVF technology has led many medical units to neglect the control of the relevant indications, resulting in a waste of medical resources on the one hand, while greatly increasing the economic burden on patients, and inevitably triggering complications that should not have arisen from the conventional treatment of infertility on the other. With the promotion of national accreditation and the strengthening of management, it is believed that this situation will be controlled to some extent and primary hospitals will still have a role to play in the treatment of infertility. IVF is one of the assisted reproductive technology methods, which is a process in which sperm and eggs are placed in a test tube for fertilization, i.e. in vitro fertilization, and then the embryonic precursor, the fertilized egg, is transferred to the woman’s uterus and developed into a fetus, commonly known as IVF because it is fertilized in a test tube. The true medical name should be in vitro fertilization with embryo transfer. The success rate of IVF is also an issue of great concern. In general, the natural monthly pregnancy rate for a couple of normal reproductive age is no more than 27%, which means, in layman’s terms, that not every couple can get a baby every month they want one. Similarly, IVF is not successful in every treatment cycle, and the success rate of IVF in good assisted reproduction centers abroad is generally only about 30%. The current level in China is about 20%. Complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, anesthesia accidents, and ectopic pregnancies may occur. Some patients may naively believe that ectopic pregnancy is caused by poorly functioning fallopian tubes and that the process of sperm-egg union in IVF does not pass through the fallopian tubes, so ectopic pregnancy does not occur. Those with expertise know that this is not the case, and that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy with IVF is actually higher than the incidence of ectopic pregnancy after tubal reversal. Medical information indicates that the likelihood of ectopic pregnancy in IVF is 5-8%. This is because the embryo is placed in the uterus on the third day after fertilization and is injected into the uterine cavity through a transfer tube, which is the same as the hysterosalpingogram and fluidization for tubal patency test. There is no way to prevent ectopic pregnancy from occurring in IVF, the only way is to remove both tubes or to embolize them. To get out of the misunderstanding of the treatment of tubal incompetence, the treatment of tubal incompetence should be based on the specific site, nature and degree of tubal incompetence of each patient to choose the corresponding treatment plan – that is, the personalized treatment plan is the best plan. For example, laparoscopic release of peri-fallopian tube adhesions can be performed for tubal incompetence caused by peri-fallopian tube adhesions. The tubal insufficiency can be resolved by tubal lavage treatment. Selective tubal cannulation and recanalization can be chosen for the treatment of tubal incompetence caused by narrowing of the proximal part of the isthmus. Selective tubal insertion and recanalization is performed under high definition X-ray fluoroscopy, and then the specific site of the proximal isthmus or obstruction is selected for guidewire separation of adhesions according to the selective tubal imaging. The catheter is also used to inject contrast for further separation of adhesions and then injected sequentially with drugs to prevent adhesions. In this operation, the specific part of the proximal tube that is not open or obstructed is accurately targeted under direct X-ray vision for direct separation of adhesions by guidewire, and the catheter is placed directly on the part of the tube that is partially adherent for contrast and adhesion release, and anti-adhesion medication is injected under pressure at the same time, because the pressure generated by the fluid solution on the local part of the tubal adhesions is greater, so the separation effect on the tubal adhesions is stronger, which makes the tubal The chances and degree of restoration of patency caused by the proximal part of the isthmus are far more unique than those of other methods. This method has become the treatment of choice for tubal incompetence due to the proximal end of the tubal lumen. Selective tubal insertion and recanalization is performed under X-ray fluoroscopy, which is intuitive and allows the surgeon and the patient’s family to observe the entire procedure clearly at a glance. It is less painful, minimally invasive, takes 20 minutes to complete, and can be performed on a walk-in basis. The correct diagnosis rate of tubal obstruction is almost 100%, and the incidence of ectopic pregnancy due to tubal failure can be greatly reduced after the successful recanalization of tubal failure caused by the narrowing of the proximal part of the isthmus. The procedure is performed without anesthesia, thus avoiding the medical risks that may arise from anesthesia accidents. It is currently the most effective examination and treatment method to avoid and reduce the occurrence of recurrent ectopic pregnancy and to resolve tubal incompetence within the scope of indications. With the update and improvement of medical equipment and interventional devices, tubal interventional treatment is now performed under DSA machine, i.e., hysterosalpingography and interventional treatment are performed under the special machine for interventional purposes, which has the advantages of clear images, less side effects, high success rate of imaging and high diagnostic accuracy. Compared with the traditional X-ray machine, the image clarity is greatly improved, and continuous and complete dynamic images of the whole fallopian tube can be obtained, which can be observed from multiple angles. As it is a machine specially developed for interventional treatment, it adopts many devices to reduce X-ray radiation, which can reduce the amount of radiation by about 70% and greatly reduce the radiation damage to the uterus and ovaries.