How are stones formed? There are many causes of stone formation, including external factors such as trauma, foreign bodies entering the body, bacteria, various kinds of worm eggs, viruses, food residues, too acidic and too alkaline foods, specific stone causing foods (such as persimmons, fried foods) and sudden changes in habits or places of living. Intrinsic factors include: allergic constitution, acidic or alkaline constitution, pathological products of bacterial inflammation, pathological products of aseptic inflammation, irregular living and eating habits, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and bad habits. These factors cause the formation of stones by the accumulation of associated calcium salts and precipitating products with a certain pathological product as the core. The body’s own cleansing function is weakened, and the body is unable to remove these substances in a timely and effective manner, and stones are formed over time. Stones are usually difficult to detect before clinical symptoms appear, but only when they produce a series of symptoms and cause a series of UNIDO symptoms, they will attract attention. Although the early symptoms of stones are not very obvious, there are more or less early signs. Some of these symptoms are similar to other diseases and can be easily mistaken for other diseases. (1) Symptoms of painful disease in the corresponding parts of the stone lesion organ: often appear in the joints, muscles, right hypochondrium and right upper abdomen and shoulder (liver and gallbladder), upper abdomen (stomach), lower back (kidney and pancreas), lower back and lumbosacral region (ureter), lower abdomen (bladder and urethra) of the whole body. (2) Paroxysmal involvement pain or radiating pain (preferably in the liver, gallbladder and kidney and ureteral tract). (3) Localized hard lumps or nodules may be palpable (e.g. muscle stones, joint and intragastric stones, etc.). (4) X-ray examination: generally larger non-translucent stones can be seen as one or more punctate non-transparent areas by taking X-rays. An unfilled area can be seen by barium meal, urography, extrahepatic bile duct and intravascular angiography to check for occult stones that are X-ray permeable, but not for those with contrast allergy, pregnant women, anuria or chronic renal failure, or inaccessible excretory ducts. (5) Ultrasound: Non-invasive examination of soft tissue stones can be performed with ultrasound. High-density or low-density areas of stones can be seen on the fan-shaped ultrasound surface. This method often reveals occult stones and translucent stones that cannot be shown on plain films. (6) Fiberscopy: Endoscopes such as fiberoptic gastroscopy, cystoscopy and duodenoscopy can directly visualize stones. This item is not usually used to check for stones, and most stones are found when fiberscopy is performed for other diseases.