Anorectal diseases are diseases that occur in the anorectal region. Common diseases include hemorrhoids, anal cryptitis, anal fissure, anal carbuncle, anal leakage, prolapse, polyp hemorrhoids, locked anal hemorrhoids, etc., which are collectively called hemorrhoids and hemorrhoid fistula in ancient literature. Causes and mechanisms The main causative factors of anal diseases are wind, dampness, dryness, heat, qi deficiency and blood deficiency. The wind is good at moving and changing, and it is easy to mix with heat, which hurts the intestinal ligaments, and the blood does not follow the meridians, so the blood in the stool caused by wind is bright in color and bleeds rapidly. The dampness is heavy, often first injured in the lower, wet and heat knot, anal local Qi and blood, tendons and veins intertwined, the development of hemorrhoids; damp heat contains obstruction, meridian blockage, Qi and blood stagnation, heat is even meat rot into pus, forming abscesses; damp heat injected into the large intestine, Qi is not conducive, blood stasis cohesion, easy to become polyps; heat is easy to injure the blood, heat accumulation of intestinal tract, constipation, local Qi and blood is not smooth, stagnation does not disperse and hemorrhoids, or forced blood delusion blood in the stool. Dryness and heat can lead to constipation, or blood deficiency and intestinal dryness can lead to blood in the stool. Qi deficiency is often due to the loss of spleen and stomach, lack of Qi, so that the Qi deficiency is sunken, no intake to cause rectal prolapse, internal hemorrhoids prolapse; Qi deficiency is unable to overcome the evil, can not hold the poison out, so the abscess is difficult to eliminate difficult to ulcerate, pus is thin after ulceration; blood deficiency is often due to excessive blood loss or spleen deficiency blood lack of sources, blood deficiency is Qi deficiency, Qi deficiency is no blood intake and blood, forming a vicious circle; blood deficiency produces dryness, constipation, damage to the anus into fissures; wounds Blood deficiency makes it difficult to heal and can easily become a fistula. Common symptoms 1. Blood in the stool is the most common symptom, or a line like an arrow or drops, mostly seen in hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal polyps, locked hemorrhoids, etc. 2. 2.Swelling pain is a common manifestation of perianal abscess, embedded hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids edema, thrombosed external hemorrhoids, according to the swelling situation combined with the moss and pulse, etc. can be identified and treated. 3. Prolapse is a common symptom of hemorrhoids and polyp hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse. If the internal hemorrhoid prolapses, it is red, swollen and painful, and some patients have difficulty in resetting it, and if it is re-infected with poison, it is locally eroded and necrotic; if it is deficient in Qi, it is easy to prolapse repeatedly. 4.Pus flowing Mostly seen in anal fistula, anal carbuncle. If the pus is thick and yellow, more damp heat is contained in the group; if the pus is thin and not smelly, or if the wound is sunken, more qi and yin are deficient. Constipation is a common symptom of anal fissure, hemorrhoids and canker sores. If it is accompanied by bad breath, body heat, red urine, red tongue, yellow coating, and number of pulse, it is mostly due to internal dryness and heat; if it is accompanied by yellowish white face, fatigue, light tongue, and thin and weak pulse, it is mostly due to blood deficiency and intestinal dryness. 6, secretions Commonly seen in hemorrhoid prolapse, rectal prolapse, anal fistula, etc. If the discharge is caused by damp-heat or heat toxin, it is often accompanied by local swelling and pain, dry mouth, body heat, red urine, loss of appetite, chest discomfort, red tongue, yellow greasy coating, and stringy pulse, etc. If the discharge is clear and thin, it is mostly due to Qi deficiency prolapse and deficiency anal fistula. Commonly used examination methods Anal diseases are often expressed in the truncated position of the bladder, marked by the 12 equivalents of the clock face, with thrombosed external hemorrhoids at 3 and 9 points, anal fissures at 6 and 12 points, internal hemorrhoids at 3, 7 and 11 points, and superfluous external hemorrhoids at 6 and 12 points. In general, if the fistula is far away from the anal verge, the internal opening is mostly located at the truncated point 6; if it is closer, it is mostly located near the corresponding point of the external opening. The common positions for examination and treatment are lithotomy, knee-chest, lateral recumbency, squatting, and bending over in a chair position. The examination of anorectal diseases must be performed on the basis of medical history. Common examination methods include anal visual examination, anorectal diagnosis, anorectal speculum (anoscope), colonoscopy, etc., among which anorectal diagnosis is the most common. The method is as follows: with the patient’s local relaxation, apply lubricant to the finger sleeve, first touch the finger tip to the anal edge, then go deeper inside the anus, the process is gradual, do not miss, and touch the examination at least 2 turns in clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively, check whether there are lumps, ulcers, strictures, fissures, etc., and check whether the finger sleeve is stained with blood, secretions, etc. Treatment principles The treatment of anorectal diseases is divided into two categories: internal treatment and external treatment. Internal treatment is generally used for patients in the early stage of anal diseases or with serious organ diseases that are not suitable for surgical treatment. Common treatment methods: clearing heat and cooling blood, clearing heat and dampness, clearing heat and detoxification, clearing heat and internal organs, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, nourishing qi and blood, generating fluid and moistening dryness, and tonifying the middle and ascending traps. External treatment methods include fumigation, compressing, stuffing, surgery, etc.