There is a common saying in China that “no matter how small the problem is, multiply it by 1.4 billion, then it will be a big problem”, and a large base will have a similar amplifying effect. Among the various cancers, lung cancer exemplifies this very distinctly, especially in patients with rare genetic mutations in lung cancer. Too many drugs targeting EGFR and ALK mutations in lung cancer have been talked about before, and the mutated gene BRAF may be relatively unknown. In fact, among the genetic tests available, BRAF gene is a mandatory gene, and BRAF is an important proto-oncogene in human, and about 8% of malignant tumors are related to BRAF gene mutation. There are more than 30 known mutations in this gene, among which BRAFV600E is the most common. Characteristics of BRAFV600E mutation in lung cancer patients: 1. BRAFV600 mutation is relatively rare in non-small cell lung cancer, about 2%-3%, which is a rare mutation. 2, BRAF mutations are mostly seen in lung adenocarcinoma and are more common in lung adenocarcinoma patients who smoke, which is different from EGFR and ALK gene mutations. 3, BRAF mutation will continuously activate the downstream MEK-ERK signaling pathway, which plays an important role in tumor growth and proliferation and invasion and metastasis, so BRAF mutation represents an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. 4. Patients with advanced lung cancer with BRAF mutation have poor chemotherapy and immunotherapy, with a median overall survival (OS) of 13.6 to 13.8 months. Initially scientists found a high incidence of BRAF mutations in melanoma, with the vast majority of studies in malignant melanoma, and developed the BRAF inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib for melanoma. This dual-target combination uses an innovative mechanism of comprehensive inhibition of the upstream and downstream pathways of MAPK. Dabrafenib is a selective BRAF kinase activity inhibitor; trametinib is a reversible, highly selective variant inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinase activities, and the combination of the two can inhibit both BRAF and MEK targets, thus achieving a 1+1>2 effect. The results of the phase II clinical NCT1336634 study showed that dabrafenib combined with trametinib in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with BRAFV600E mutation had an objective remission rate of 64%, median PFS of 10.9 months and median DOR of 10.4 months. The efficacy and safety of new BRAF inhibitor-related agents are still being further explored, with many clinical studies underway. nCT03915951 is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the new BRAF inhibitor encorafenib in combination with the MEK inhibitor binimetinib in patients with BRAFV600E-mutated NSCLC. The NCT04543188 trial was designed to evaluate the safety tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary activity of the novel BRAF inhibitor PF-07284890, alone or in combination with binimetinib, in the treatment of advanced solid tumors with BRAFV600 mutations.The NCT04452877 trial was designed to explore the efficacy of dalafenib in combination with trametinib in Chinese BRAFV600E mutation in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC. Besides, we found that there are many other directions to explore in BRAFV600E mutated NSCLC, such as: (1) BRAF inhibitors for adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy; (2) targeted combination with immunotherapy or anti-angiogenic drugs; (3) exploration after dual-target resistance: (1) re-biopsy genetic testing can be performed to explore the resistance mechanism for developing new targeted drugs or new combination therapy modalities (e.g., combination with ERK or mTOR inhibitors, etc.); (2) development of new BRAF inhibitors; (3) exploration of “re-challenge” after dual-target resistance, etc. Currently, our ward is conducting a clinical trial for BRAFV600E mutation in lung cancer, giving oral targeted drug treatment to suitable patients who have failed chemotherapy or primary treatment, and patients and families who need it can contact us.