Spinal fracture is a common disease in modern society, and mankind has made new breakthroughs in its treatment from the very beginning when it could do nothing about it to open major surgery to minimally invasive surgery. The basic principles are repositioning, fixation, and functional exercise. Nowadays, the following methods are commonly used in minimally invasive surgery: 1. Percutaneous pedicle screw repositioning and fixation: It is suitable for thoracic and lumbar spine fractures, especially for patients without nerve injury. For those who have nerve injury and need decompression, a small opening is required for decompression of the spinal nerve on the basis of percutaneous fixation. Compared with traditional open surgery, it has a small intraoperative incision, less trauma and bleeding, and does not require extensive incision of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments, thus avoiding delayed spinal instability caused by excessive muscle and soft tissue stripping. Due to the small trauma, the patient recovers quickly after surgery and can get out of bed early, which provides favorable conditions for the patient’s functional exercise and recovery after surgery. Disadvantages: Intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy is required several times, and the radiation damage to the surgeon and patient is greater than that of traditional surgery; the work used during surgery is relatively delicate and more expensive. 2, percutaneous fracture vertebroplasty It is suitable for fractures induced by osteoporosis in the elderly, and the operation is completed under local anesthesia, which is less traumatic and avoids the risk of long-term bed rest, and the patient can leave the bed and move around in 1 day after the operation. PKP and PVP surgery are commonly used. 3.Transmuscular gap access surgery The surgical skin incision is not much different from the traditional surgery, but there is no need to strip damage to the muscle after the skin is cut during the surgery, and the surgery is performed in the gap between the muscle and the muscle. Advantages: the surgery can be done with common surgical instruments, low cost and fast recovery; disadvantages: the incision is large and affects the beauty. In conclusion: minimally invasive is first a concept, then a method, and finally a technique. It is the surgeon’s pursuit to help patients with the least trauma, the most economical, and the fastest recovery.