Minimally invasive pedicle screw implantation can be achieved using either a percutaneous or paracentral small incision approach, both of which are designed to maximize the preservation of the function of the multifidus muscle. The percutaneous pedicle screw implantation technique is employed under fluoroscopic guidance. A trocar needle is used to perform a pedicle puncture, and after the trocar needle is placed into the pedicle, the needle is withdrawn and a guidewire is inserted along the trocar. A sequential dilatation catheter is placed along the guidewire to expand the soft tissue, and then tapping and hollow pedicle screw implantation is performed under the guidance of the guidewire. The connecting rods can be placed percutaneously to minimize soft tissue damage. It can be used for minimally invasive fixation of lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, and thoracolumbar fractures.