Trauma to the spine can result in various types of ligament injuries, fractures or dislocations depending on the magnitude and direction of the force applied. Structural damage to the spine at the point of force and attachment makes the spine unstable and unable to bear the weight of the body. In severe fractures or dislocations, the spinal cord and nerve roots are often damaged, leading to paralysis. This condition must be addressed through surgery. One of the purposes of surgery is to reset and decompress the spinal fractures and dislocations, to restore the normal shape of the spine, to remove the broken pieces of bone that are compressing the spinal cord and nerve roots, and to create a favorable environment for the spinal cord and nerves to regain function. Secondly, stabilization, because the spine is destabilized and displaced by the stress and compression of the nerve roots, the injured part should be fixed in a normal position by internal fixation (steel plate or screws) and external fixation bracket. Thirdly, fusion, because there are often multiple structures damaged or even bone defects at the same time when the injury occurs, and these structures cannot be restored to full normalcy and will become unstable in the future, so it is often necessary to implant your own bone or an allograft or artificial bone, so that the injured part can be fused with the normal part, in order to obtain long-lasting stabilization.