The causes of stones are unclear, but there is much evidence that diet may be an important factor influencing urinary stones. anderaeii proposed in 1972 that the formation of urinary stones is related to the composition of food, and that dietary structure is a baseline that determines the incidence of urinary stones in any society, with other factors (e.g., race, family, occupation, etc.) playing a facilitating or inhibiting role on top of this Other factors (e.g., race, family, occupation, etc.) play a role in promoting or inhibiting this. According to the literature, food components that can influence the formation of urinary stones are proteins, fats, sugars, purines, oxalic acid, minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, etc.), vitamins (vitamins A, B6, D, C, K), vegetables (spinach), magnetized water, dairy products, rice bran, wheat bran, plantain cobs, corn husk, liquids, and microtonic elements. While high protein diet is a household necessity in today’s life, this section summarizes and analyzes the relationship between high protein diet and stones. Epidemiological investigations have shown that the occurrence of urinary stones is closely related to the affluence of daily life, and that protein diet has a role in inducing urinary stone formation and is one of the important dietary risk factors promoting the formation of upper urinary tract stones. Andersen compared the relationship between the daily protein content of food, the ratio of plant and animal proteins and the incidence, location and composition of urinary stones in various countries and regions and found that when the diet was high in protein, especially animal protein, the incidence of pediatric bladder stones decreased, but the incidence of kidney and ureteral stones increased, and the main components of stones were calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Conversely, when the animal protein content of the diet is reduced, the incidence of bladder stones increases, and the urate content of the stone components increases while the calcium phosphate component decreases. The incidence of upper and lower urinary tract stones was reduced when the diet was very low in protein and also inadequate in animal protein.Andersen also observed that the affluent northern and western regions of India, who had twice the animal protein intake and five times the hospitalization rate of patients with upper urinary tract stones than the southern and eastern regions. Robertscm et al. observed that the incidence of urinary stones in the UK was closely related to the daily dietary consumption index, and that changes in this dietary consumption index depended mainly on changes in the proportion of animal foods in it. 1956?1969, the average protein consumption of UK households was relatively stable, while the ratio of animal to vegetable protein increased from 1.25:1 to 1.67:1. After 1970, their average protein consumption gradually decreased, and the incidence of urinary stones also decreased. In Germany, Australia, Italy, Japan and Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, there is also a close relationship between the incidence of urinary stones and the consumption of animal protein. In Africa, although the incidence of upper urinary tract stones is low, they are not uncommon in affluent populations in many large cities. The South African Bantu, whose diet is structured to consume six times the amount of crude plant cellulose than populations in developed countries and who have minimal animal protein and sugar, have a very low incidence of urinary stones. The incidence of urinary stones increased significantly when the dietary structure was changed to increase protein and decrease plant fiber intake. Robemcm reported that the incidence of upper urinary tract stones in vegetarians was only 40% to 60% of that in non-vegetarians of the same age, sex and social class. The above information fully illustrates the importance of animal protein in the formation of urinary stones. The mechanisms by which a high protein diet increases the incidence of urinary stones are complex, in which both stone promoting and or inhibiting factors may play a role. In general, a high protein diet can lead to a number of changes in urinary biochemistry: urinary calcium excretion is increased by a high protein diet. When comparing the effect of dietary protein content on urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium-containing stones to that in normal subjects, it was found that the increase in urinary calcium was more pronounced in patients with calcium-containing stones after a high protein diet. The mechanism of action of a high protein diet for increased urinary calcium excretion is still unclear and may be related to the high dietary protein content promoting increased secretion of insulin, growth hormone and glucocorticoids in the body. Urinary oxalic acid and urinary uric acid excretion food protein with high content of alcoholic acid esters, glycine, hydroxy brisket acid are the main precursors of oxalic acid, which will be metabolized in the body to produce oxalic acid. Therefore, ingestion of high amounts of protein can increase urinary oxalic acid excretion. However, it has also been reported that urinary oxalic acid excretion does not increase after ingestion of a high protein diet. The end product of the metabolism of purines and purine precursor substances in food proteins in the body is uric acid. Therefore, increasing the intake of dietary protein, especially animal protein, can increase {the excretion of uric acid in the urine. The increase of both oxalic acid and uric acid content in urine can raise {the risk factors for stone formation in urinary stones and promote the formation of stones urinary citrate and uric acidic mucopolysaccharide activity epidemiological investigation of the products of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. The amount of protein in the diet is 27% of the total amount of urine. Dietary protein reduces the excretion of acidic mucopolysaccharides in the urine, and it affects patients with kidney stones to a greater extent than normal people. It is now believed that acidic mucopolysaccharide inhibits the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine and is one of the inhibitors of urinary calcium oxalate stone formation. The high urinary pH of animal protein intake increases the acid load of the body and leads to a decrease in urinary pH, which further contributes to an increase in urinary calcium excretion and a decrease in urinary citrate excretion. At the same time, a urinary pH range between 4.5 and 5.5 is most favorable for urate crystals to form.