Neurotubular insufficiency is the most common congenital neurodevelopmental malformation with an incidence of 1/1000 to 2/1000, which seriously affects the quality of survival of children, often with varying degrees of lower limb paralysis, urinary and fecal incontinence, and mental retardation. The first stage of neural tube formation, i.e. neuroectoderm formation stage, is abnormal: the ectoderm-neuroectoderm does not separate, and the mesenchyme cannot move in, resulting in the inability to form normal vertebrae, cartilage, muscles and vertebral ligament structures, which is called cerebral bifida when it occurs at the cephalic end and spina bifida at the caudal end. In the third embryonic week, before the primitive neural ectoderm is fully fused, the adjacent cutaneous ectoderm separates from it prematurely, causing the mesodermal mesenchyme to migrate into the unclosed neural tube, preventing its closure, and this mesenchyme is induced to form fat by the dorsal aspect of the neural plate. Abnormalities in the second stage of neural tube formation: lead to the formation of occult spina bifida such as subdural lipomas, end filament degeneration causing spinal cord embolism and sacrococcygeal teratomas, the latter being due to the persistence of caudal undifferentiated cells or abnormal differentiation, which is the reason why neural tube defects are often combined with urogenital and anorectal malformations.