Pulmonary solidification is a lesion in which there is an accumulation of plasma, fibrin, and cellular components in the alveolar cavity from any cause, resulting in a decrease in alveolar air content and a densification of the lung texture. The lung volume does not generally change (does not shrink) and may be slightly enlarged. Common tests: 1. Pulmonary perfusion imaging Pulmonary perfusion imaging provides an image of the blood perfusion in the lungs, with higher levels of radioactivity indicating better local perfusion and lower levels indicating poorer perfusion. Procedure: Skin test, oxygen inhalation for 10 min, then injection of reagents, and finally machine development. Not suitable for the population: (1) is prohibited in congenital heart disease with right-left shunt, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and severe pulmonary artery damage, severe granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia. (2) In principle, this test should not be performed in patients with a history of severe allergy. 2.Pulmonary ventilation function Pulmonary ventilation function can be used as a reference for diagnosis of certain diseases or to estimate their severity, to determine the type and degree of ventilation dysfunction, to assist in the diagnosis of clinical diseases, to identify work capacity, and to evaluate the efficacy of disease treatment. Examination procedure: (1) Open-ended examination is suitable for mass screening and screening at the grassroots level. The subject takes an upright position, connects with the swelling meter, breathes calmly 4~5 times and then repeats breathing for 12 seconds or 15 seconds with the fastest breathing speed and maximum breathing amplitude, requiring 10~15 times of breathing. Repeat after 10 minutes of rest. (2) In order for the measurement to be successful, the subject should be fully explained beforehand, and timely instructions and continuous guidance and encouragement should be given to the subject during the measurement in order to obtain the best results. Unsuitable people: Severe cardiopulmonary diseases, weak people. Mental abnormalities or those who cannot cooperate well. 3.Pulse shock pulmonary function Pulse shock pulmonary function (IOS) test can well reflect the kinetic characteristics of the patient’s respiratory physiology. It is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory system diseases. Examination process: (1) pulseoscillometry (IOS) is a new type of instrument that integrates the principle of pulse forced oscillation and advanced computerized spectral analysis technology. (2) No contraindications, a wide range of applications, and a more comprehensive reflection of the kinetic characteristics of the patient’s respiratory physiology. 4, cardiopulmonary exercise test Cardiopulmonary exercise test is a diagnostic tool to reflect the human cardiopulmonary function indexes in the exercise of increasing load, and to understand the interaction and storage capacity of the heart, lungs and circulatory system through the comprehensive analysis of the parameters. Examination process: Preparation: (1) Pre-test instrument preparation. (2) The patient’s condition, diagnosis and the purpose of the clinician’s application should be understood before the test. (3) The necessary emergency drugs, equipment, oxygen, etc. should be available for emergency use. (4) Explain the test method to the patient and obtain cooperation. (5) Pre-exercise preparation. (①Check the standard 12-lead ECG to confirm the absence of severe arrhythmias and myocardial ischemic manifestations. (②Measure blood pressure in the prone and upright positions. ③Stop using various bronchodilators. Inappropriate population: Acute myocardial infarction, acute tachyarrhythmia, pulmonary edema, severe aortic stenosis. Uncontrolled hypertensive disease, severe anemia, moderate aortic stenosis, uncooperative patients. 5. Pulmonary volume Pulmonary volume is the amount of gas held in the lungs. It assists in the evaluation of pulmonary function by measuring the change in volume produced by respiratory actions of different amplitudes and is indicated for bronchopulmonary disease, thoracic and pleural disease, and neuromuscular disease. Examination procedure: Instructor: ①Inquire about the subject’s medical history, smoking history, and recent medication use to exclude contraindications to forceful pulmonary function testing (described later). ② Explain to the subject in detail the test procedure and precautions. ③The instructor gives a demonstration, including complete inspiration, explosive exhalation, and continued continuous exhalation, which may be accompanied by words and body movements, in an effort to allow the subject to fully understand the testing actions. ④Continue to prompt and encourage the subject during the test. Subjects: ①Sit in a seated position and sit straight without leaning back, with feet on the ground and eyes level, avoiding head tilted back or head bent down. ②Practice the above-mentioned breathing movements and master the action essentials. ③Mouth connect the mouthpiece, closely wrap the lips around the mouthpiece to ensure no air leakage, on the nose clip. ④Calm breathing after complete inhalation, then forceful, fast, complete exhalation, requiring explosive exhalation, no hesitation at the beginning, the degree of force in the middle and late exhalation can be slightly reduced, but no interruption in the entire exhalation process, until the exhalation is complete, avoid coughing or double inhalation. ⑤ Inhale forcefully and rapidly after complete exhalation until complete. The test results meet acceptable quality control criteria. ⑥After a short rest (depending on the patient’s condition), repeat the above ③, ④ and ⑤ measurements and complete the measurement at least 3 times, usually no more than 8 times. Inappropriate groups: Patients who are long-term smokers, patients who have taken drugs such as diastolic airways need to seek medical advice.