Gallstones, also known as cholelithiasis, is a disease in which stones occur in the biliary system, including the gallbladder or bile ducts; biliary tract infections are among the common diseases. It is classified into cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis according to the site of onset. After stones are formed in the gallbladder, they can stimulate the gallbladder mucosa, which can cause not only chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, but also secondary infection when stones are embedded in the gallbladder neck or the bile duct, leading to acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Due to the chronic stimulation of gallbladder mucosa by stones, it may also lead to the occurrence of gallbladder cancer, and the incidence of such gallbladder cancer has been reported to be as high as 1% to 2%. What are the common treatment methods for gallstone disease? 1.Non-surgical treatment of gallstones Lithotripsy (oral lithotripsy with bile acid)
The main mechanism of gallbladder stone formation is the change of bile physicochemical composition, the reduction of bile acid pool and the increase of cholesterol concentration. In 1972, Danjinger was the first to apply goose deoxycholic acid, which successfully dissolved cholesterol stones in the gallbladder in 4 cases. However, this drug has certain toxic reactions to the liver, such as an increase in glutamate transaminase, and can stimulate the colon to cause diarrhea.