Gallstone disease is the most common biliary tract disorder and includes gallbladder stones and bile duct stones. Gallbladder stones, which are also commonly known as gallstones, are stones that are generated and present in the gallbladder. In contrast, bile duct stones are stones that exist in the bile duct outside the gallbladder, either from the bile duct or from gallbladder stones that fall into the bile duct. Causes: The causes of cholelithiasis are still unknown and may be related to abnormalities in the metabolic composition of the bile, anatomical abnormalities or bacterial action. The composition of gallstones is also diverse, including cholesterol, bile pigments, calcium salts, mucin, etc. The shape and texture of gallstones of different compositions vary. Symptoms: The symptoms of gallbladder stone attacks are mainly biliary colic or epigastric pain, which can be triggered by exertion or eating fatty food. The typical attack of biliary colic is mostly manifested as gradual aggravation within 15min or 1h, and then gradually decreases; about 1/3 of patients can have sudden onset of pain a few patients whose pain can be abruptly terminated. If the pain persists for more than 5-6h, it often suggests the coexistence of acute cholecystitis. In more than half of the patients, the pain often radiates to the right scapular region, the middle of the back or the right shoulder. Patients are often restless during episodes of biliary colic. The interval between episodes of pain can be days, weeks, months or even years, and unpredictability in the timing of attacks is a characteristic of biliary colic. When complicated by acute cholecystitis, patients may have chills and fever, and the chills and fever are more pronounced when gallbladder fluid accumulates secondary to bacterial infection to form pus in the gallbladder or gangrene or perforation. Most patients have nausea and vomiting along with the onset of biliary colic, and in severe cases, cold sweats. The biliary colic is often relieved to some extent after vomiting. The duration of vomiting is usually not very long. Indigestion is manifested by intolerance of fat and other foods, often manifested by excessive belching or abdominal distention, postprandial fullness and early fullness and heartburn. The symptoms of bile duct stones are similar to those of gallbladder stones, but when stone obstruction of the bile duct occurs, jaundice, high fever and even infectious shock and confusion may occur, which are more aggressive acute symptoms in surgery. Prompt hospital consultation is required. Diagnosis: It is mainly based on clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging examinations, including blood tests, ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc. Treatment: The treatment of cholelithiasis aims to relieve symptoms, reduce recurrence, eliminate stones and avoid complications, such as cancer. The surgical treatment for cholecystitis and gallbladder stones is mainly cholecystectomy, and currently the majority of them are performed laparoscopically. In general, non-surgical treatment is recommended during the acute attack period, and then selective surgery is performed 3 weeks to 3 months after the symptoms are controlled; if the condition is serious and non-surgical treatment is ineffective, surgery should be performed in a timely manner on the basis of preliminary diagnosis. For patients with bile duct stones combined with obstruction, they can be treated by endoscopic biliary drainage or stone extraction, which is commonly known as ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography). Especially for patients of advanced age and frailty with multiple medical diseases, open surgical treatment can be avoided, significantly reducing treatment risks and improving prognosis. Dietary principles: Dietary style: It is advisable to have a light and easily digestible diet with less residue. Oil: The diet should be based on vegetable oils, which have a certain choleretic effect. The main ingredients in the diet should be steamed, boiled or stewed, and excessive deep-fried, cold and irritating foods should be avoided. Be careful with offal: Since the formation of gallstones is related to the high content of cholestrol in the body, animal offal, liver and kidney, fish roe, egg yolk and fatty meat should be strictly controlled and restrained. Eat more vegetables and fruits: It is advisable to eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins. Ginger has the effect of promoting cholesterol metabolism and can be eaten frequently. Note for obese patients: moderate restriction of sugar and sugar-rich food intake to help reduce the synthesis of fat.