Acute cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the gallbladder duct and bacterial attack. Most patients have a combination of gallbladder stones, so it is also known as calculous cholecystitis. The common causes of acute cholecystitis are mechanical-chemical as well as bacterial inflammation. Patients often present with severe pain in the right upper abdomen as the main symptom, which may also be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever. As the disease progresses, jaundice may result when the bile ducts become inflamed or the hilar lymph nodes become enlarged. At this time, the doctor will find a positive Murphy’s sign, which is one of the most important signs of acute cholecystitis. Clinical examination combined with routine blood and biochemical tests may show an increase in total white blood cell count and neutrophil count, as well as an increase in total serum bilirubin and serum transaminases. The diagnosis can be further confirmed by combining clinical ultrasound and CT examinations. Acute cholecystitis can be treated with conservative symptomatic treatment in internal medicine and, if necessary, with surgery. In conclusion, for patients with acute cholecystitis, often accompanied by significant right upper abdominal paroxysmal colic and abdominal muscle tension, timely symptomatic treatment is needed, combined with surgery if necessary, to avoid aggravating the condition.