Minimally invasive spinal surgeries include percutaneous puncture vertebroplasty, percutaneous laminectomy or interlaminar discectomy, which are mainly minimally invasive surgeries to deal with lesions under local anesthesia. 1. Percutaneous puncture vertebroplasty: Percutaneous puncture vertebroplasty is mainly used to treat vertebral compression fractures. Generally, after local anesthesia is completed, the fractured vertebrae are localized under C-arm fluoroscopic technique, and subsequently bone cement is injected into the vertebral body using a puncture cannula to restore the height of the vertebral body. 2. Percutaneous interlaminar discectomy: Generally after local anesthesia is completed, the herniated intervertebral discs are removed mainly through the endoscopic system by utilizing the anatomical structure of the intervertebral foramen. 3. Percutaneous interlaminar discectomy: after local anesthesia is completed, the herniated disc is removed through the posterior percutaneous endoscopic system, utilizing the anatomical structure of the intervertebral space to alleviate the clinical symptoms.