Bile is 97% water, and other components are mainly bile acids and bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin, bile pigments, inorganic salts (calcium), and so on. Cholesterol is not soluble in water but only in bile. If the cholesterol content in bile is high or other components are insufficient, cholesterol stones are easily formed in this case. If bile pigment is not combined with glucuronic acid in the liver, or if bacteria destroy this combined bilirubin due to bacterial infection of the biliary tract, bile pigment and calcium form bile pigment stones (mud and sand stones). Mixed stones are composed of a mixture of bile pigment, cholesterol, calcium and other components. They take on different shapes and colors depending on the proportion of the components they contain. About 60% of mixed stones occur in the gallbladder and 40% in the bile ducts. Gallbladder stones are the result of a combination of factors. There are more women than men, and the ratio of men to women is 1:3. I. Possible factors causing gallbladder stones 1. Genetic factors. Studies have found that people and families with a certain genetic predisposition to stones, and patients admitted to hospitals often have gallstones in several generations or in the same generation. 2, cirrhosis of the liver or liver disease. 3. Diabetes mellitus. 4.Biliary ascariasis. 5, congenital bile duct dilatation. 6, hemolytic disease. Second, how to treat gallbladder stones The first choice of gallbladder stone patients is not open surgery, but medication. However, there are many people after 5 to 10 years of medication, the stones still have increasing size, and finally they should also choose surgery. Who are suitable for surgical treatment? 1. Those who have a typical history of frequent biliary colic attacks. Recurrent attacks of right upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain mainly in the middle of the night, lasting 2-3 hours and then relieved by itself. Those who have pain induced by eating fatty food, etc. belong to typical biliary colic, with long intervals between attacks at the beginning and frequent attacks later. 2.Multiple small stones in the gallbladder, with combined pancreatitis attack. 3.Gallbladder stones of 10-13 mm, easily causing stone impaction in the neck of gallbladder. 4.Gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones. 5. Those with a history of gallbladder stones of 10 years or more or those with gallstones of 2 cm or more in size. 6.Patients with chronic atrophic cholecystitis. 7.Patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from gallbladder stones. 8, elderly patients suffering from other diseases such as hypertension and heart disease, laparoscopic surgery is safer than open surgery. Generally speaking, it is advisable to choose to carry out the surgery in the warm season so as to reduce respiratory complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is recognized by the medical community worldwide as the best procedure for the treatment of gallbladder stones due to its advantages of minimal trauma, rapid recovery and short hospital stay. Laparoscopic surgery uses high-tech instruments with good illumination, clear vision and magnification, which makes this procedure more delicate than open surgery.