The typical patient with kidney cancer has mostly sporadic kidney cancer and usually has no family history of malignancy. Such patients account for 96% of all kidney cancer patients. They typically have only isolated single tumors that tend to develop later in life and are most often seen in patients over the age of 50. Relatives related to patients with kidney cancer should be evaluated as they may be at increased risk of developing kidney cancer. They need to be evaluated regularly for kidney cancer using abdominal ultrasound and CT examinations. These proactive measures can make the diagnosis early and save the patient’s life. If a kidney cancer patient has a mutation in a gene at a defined locus, then his family members should consider genetic testing to find out if they carry the mutated gene, as this may be evidence of familial kidney cancer. The main indications that a patient with kidney tumor may have familial kidney cancer are: a history of familial kidney cancer in the family; combination of unexplained renal failure, eye tumor, blindness, and spinal cord or brain tumor; age less than 45 years at the time of presentation of kidney cancer; multifocal kidney lesions (multiple kidney cancer lesions); adrenal tumor associated with kidney cancer, pancreatic tumor; multiple skin tumors, unexplained pneumothorax, pulmonary cysts, skin erythema, etc. In these cases, familial renal cancer should be considered. For family members of such patients our professional team suggests that they should actively come to the hospital for screening to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place.