The human eye has a convex lens – or lens – located in the pupillary area behind the iris, through which light can be focused on the retina, which is normally clear, but can have a change from clear to cloudy under certain factors. A cataract is a clouding of the lens. Mild clouding that does not affect vision is not clinically significant. Cataracts are clinically significant when the clouding causes vision loss.
The most common cataract in clinical practice is senile cataract, which is a degenerative change that occurs gradually during the aging process of the lens, mainly in the elderly, also known as age-related cataract. Patients with cataracts experience progressive, painless vision loss with a fixed, immobile black spot in front of their eyes. The time of visual impairment varies depending on the location of the clouding, and there may be monocular diplopia, hyperopia and refractive changes.
Treatment Surgical treatment and medication.
The main symptom of cataract is to cause vision loss and blurred vision. After removing other factors that cause visual impairment, surgery can be considered when the vision caused by cataract decreases to less than 0.5 or when the patient feels that the vision loss has affected work and life. The previous view that cataracts should be operated only when they grow old and ripe is long outdated.
At present, there are many kinds of drugs for cataract treatment on the market, such as cataract stop, cataract, etc., as well as some iodine preparations, nutrients, vitamins, etc., all of which are developed according to several theories on the mechanism of cataract occurrence. However, up to now, there is still no effective drug that has been proven to be clinically and experimentally effective to reverse cataract development.
1. Causes of vision: When cataract causes vision loss and affects work and life, surgery can be performed. It is difficult to determine a visual acuity standard as an indication for surgery, and the interests of patients and technical conditions should be considered.
2.Medical reasons: Cataract surgery should be performed when cataract causes other eye pathologies, such as lens-derived glaucoma, or affects the diagnosis and treatment of other eye diseases (such as fundus pathology).
3.Cosmetic reasons: When the affected eye has lost vision, but the cataract makes the pupil area turn white and affects the beauty.
The best preferred procedure is ultrasonic cataract aspiration. The hard lens nucleus is crushed by ultrasonic emulsifier to make it celiac, and then aspirated through a small incision. The advantages of this procedure are small corneoscleral incision, fast wound healing, small postoperative corneal astigmatism, rapid recovery of vision, and no rupture of the original incision in case of future trauma.