Simple bronchial tuberculosis refers to tuberculosis that occurs only in the submucosa of the trachea and bronchus, with no specific manifestation on X-ray chest film. Simple bronchial tuberculosis is easily misdiagnosed for the following reasons: 1. Patients with simple endobronchial tuberculosis have dry cough as the main symptom, sometimes accompanied by coughing sputum, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and often lack of typical symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning, such as low fever in the afternoon, night sweats, weakness, poor performance, and C symptoms, so it is not easy to be considered as caused by tuberculosis; 2. This is easily misdiagnosed as bronchitis, cough variant asthma, bronchial dilatation, some of which may be accompanied by obstructive inflammatory lesions, especially lower lobe lesions, which are easily misdiagnosed as pneumonia, or even lung cancer; 3, the incidence of simple endobronchial tuberculosis is low; 4, endobronchial tuberculosis is caused by bronchial mucous membrane congestion, edema, proliferative lesions, necrobiotic obstruction, bronchial lumen narrowing, poor bronchial drainage, sputum However, the application of fibrinoscopy can facilitate the detection of antacid bacteria; 5. A positive PPD only indicates a previous tuberculosis infection, not a current disease. A positive PPD result is not very meaningful. In clinical practice, if a patient has cough as the main symptom, no typical TB symptoms, normal chest radiograph or obstructive inflammatory lesions, or if anti-infection or hormone treatment for 2 weeks is not effective, active bronchoscopy should be performed, which has a high detection rate for simple endobronchial TB. CT is not conclusive for simple endobronchial tuberculosis, and the diagnosis depends on fibrinoscopy and sputum examination. Treatment of simple endobronchial tuberculosis is the same as the chemotherapy regimen for pulmonary tuberculosis, with a minimum 1-year regimen of 2H (isoniazid), R (rifampicin), Z (pyrazine), K (butylamine), (E) (butylamine)/10HRE for primary treatment, with a 2-month intensive period, which can be extended for 1-2 months, and a consolidation period. For rifampin intolerance or mild hepatic impairment, RL (rifapentine) can be given instead of R. Rifapentine has fewer doses and fewer side effects. In failed cases, the patients were given 12~18HP (Riker’s Lung Disease or Tuberculosis Clear) 1321Th (Propylthiouracil) and levofloxacin regimen for a period of 2~3 months, mainly with bupropion. The nebulizer regimen is based on H K and supplemented with αC-alpha protease as long as the patient can tolerate it. Fibrinoscopic administration can increase the efficacy, rapidly relieve patients’ clinical symptoms, and promote the absorption of lesions. In conclusion, because of the low incidence of simple endobronchial tuberculosis, the lack of specificity of clinical symptoms, and the low rate of positive sputum test for antacid bacilli, it is particularly important to raise awareness of this disease. In case of recurrent cough, normal chest X-ray, ineffective anti-infection treatment for 2 weeks, negative sputum test for E. acidophilus, and non-strong positive PPD, active fibronectomy should be performed, which is important for the detection and diagnosis of simple endobronchial tuberculosis.