Endobronchial tuberculosis is an infection of the trachea, bronchi with tubercle bacilli, mainly in the larger bronchi. Endobronchial tuberculosis may cause tracheal and bronchial stenosis, occlusion, chest tightness, dyspnea, and even death by asphyxia in severe cases of tracheal stenosis. The staging is roughly divided into four phases: 1. inflammatory phase, dominated by mucosal redness and swelling. 2. 2, ulcerative stage: mucosal necrosis is predominant. 3, granulomatous stage: dominated by granulation tissue proliferation. 4, scar stage: mostly stenosis. The above 4 stages are not absolute and can cross each other, and multiple pathological manifestations can exist at the same time. Treatment is broadly divided into 3 parts: First: standardized anti-TB treatment. This is the root of the treatment of tuberculosis, it is necessary, it is the main, and it is the most and most fundamental reason for the good or bad effect of tuberculosis treatment. Second: interventional treatment. The main focus is on bronchoscopic techniques. These include bronchoscopic balloon dilation of tracheal stenosis, stent implantation, alveolar lavage therapy, laser, freezing, high-frequency electric knife, and so on. I will focus on balloon dilation. This is a solution to the problem of tracheal stenosis. One of the two problems that must be solved when tracheal stenosis brings about is that it affects the ventilation function, which is very important. As you can imagine, when the left bronchus is severely stenosed, it is basically equivalent to having only one right lung working, and it is easy to have chest tightness and shortness of breath. With tracheal stenosis, that is even more serious. The second is that it affects the function of sputum removal. For example, if the left main stenosis, the trachea below the left main also has lesions, but the sputum cannot be expelled, and the necrotic tissue cannot be expelled, so it can only accumulate there, and it is very difficult to absorb, and it is easy to become a growth base for bacteria. Therefore, the above situation requires active tracheoscopic intervention with balloon dilation to solve the problem of tracheal stenosis, which can be done regardless of staging. In short, tracheoscopy is an important adjunct. Third: surgical solution. 1. If endobronchial tuberculosis causes long-term lung opacification, and the opacified lung tends to form fibrosis, in this case it is difficult to reopen the lung even if the tracheal stenosis is resolved. After active anti-tuberculosis treatment, if the tuberculosis is well controlled, surgery can be considered to remove part of the lung tissue. 2, tracheoscopic balloon dilatation repeatedly with poor efficacy, tracheal stenosis, and poor absorption of lung lesions, surgery can be considered after standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment with no tuberculosis lesions in other lungs. Surgery is also an adjunctive treatment. In conclusion, the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis is mainly pharmacological, with tracheoscopy and surgery being two very important adjuvant treatments. They should be used wisely to improve the treatment rate of endobronchial tuberculosis.