For a long time, endobronchial tuberculosis has been an extremely easy disease to be misdiagnosed as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and so on. The two lungs are like an upside down tree, the trachea and bronchus are the trunk, the lungs are the leaves, the chest X-ray and CT is to take a picture of the tree, if the leaves are hanging a plastic bag, you can see it from a distance, but if the skin of the trunk falls off, you can see it, and these are the most conventional and effective means of diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. Then there is no way, there is, tracheoscopy, into the trachea, the bronchial tube to see, but this is an invasive test, people’s acceptance is not too high. Therefore, it is important for clinicians and patients to pay enough attention to this disease. If there is tuberculosis, routine bronchoscopy is recommended. If there is a chronic cough and the CT of the lungs is fine, tracheoscopy should be considered. Endobronchial tuberculosis should also be considered if there is no previous history of the disease, but now there is unexplained asthma and chest tightness, and bronchoscopy is needed to rule out or confirm the diagnosis. Endobronchial tuberculosis, as the name implies, is tuberculosis that appears in the trachea and bronchi, causing damage and swelling of the walls of the tubes, which can cause narrowing or even occlusion of the walls, resulting in the loss of the basic functions of the lungs – ventilation and sputum removal. The tuberculosis bacilli in the walls of the tubes can also spread to other lung fields. The endobronchial tuberculosis occurs in the small airways, but in the large trachea and bronchi, it is more troublesome, causing chest tightness and shortness of breath, and in severe stenosis of the trachea, it may cause death by suffocation. Therefore, we should pay attention to this disease. Especially if you have tuberculosis, you should find it early, deal with it early and treat it early.