One evening not long ago, Mr. Wang came to our emergency room with sudden lumbar pain after a dinner party, and found a stone at the opening of the renal pelvis and ureter, about 1.5 cm in size. However, when he was lying down on the lithotripter, Mr. Wang immediately thought of the scene of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment many years ago: he had undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy several times due to kidney stones, and after the extracorporeal lithotripsy treatment, he had difficulty in removing the stones and needed further ureteral hard microscopic lithotripsy to remove the stones. Thinking about these circumstances, Mr. Wang immediately requested to temporarily suspend his original treatment plan and asked if there were more advanced treatment methods available, hoping that the pain during the stone treatment could be kept to a minimum. After taking a medical history and reading Mr. Wang’s CT films, we decided to perform a soft ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Because the traditional ureteral rigidoscope tends to flush stones into the kidney, and performing percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stone extraction is invasive and has a higher risk of bleeding. After about 1 hour of surgery, Mr. Wang’s stone was completely broken and the stone fragment removed during the operation surprised Mr. Wang, and there was no obvious stone left in the X-ray after the operation. It is understood that the treatment of kidney stones includes conservative treatment, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and surgery. Conservative treatment is mainly suitable for patients with stones less than 0.6 cm in diameter and without urinary tract obstruction. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is suitable for patients with stones less than 2.0 cm in diameter, with a short stone residence time and without hydronephrosis. When stones have caused urinary tract obstruction and have affected renal function, or when non-surgical treatment is not effective and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is not available, surgical treatment should be considered, including: traditional open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscopy. The most commonly used method is percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which is commonly known as drilling a small hole in the kidney to create a channel through which the stones are broken into small pieces and then removed through the channel. This method is an injury to the kidney and has many complications, but there are still advantages in the treatment of huge kidney stones. The newest method of ureteroscopic lithotripsy is to enter the kidney through the natural channels (urethra, bladder, ureter) without making a “hole” in the kidney, and then use the powerful Holmium laser lithotripsy system to The Holmium laser lithotripsy system is then used to break the stones into powder form and flush them away at the same time. Because the head can be bent 270°, it can reach almost every corner of the kidney. Compared to the low success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and the high risk of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, ureteroscopy is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of upper ureteral stones and kidney stones with its minimally invasive, safe and effective features.