Urinary stones are a serious disease affecting human health, and with the development of China’s economy and changes in dietary structure, the incidence of urinary stones is on the rise year by year. Depending on the water quality, climate and geography, the overall incidence rate is 3-15%. Methods of removing urinary tract stones include ureteroscopic lithotripsy percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, laparoscopic lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, lithotripsy, lithotripsy, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, or open surgical lithotripsy. In the past 20 years, due to the continuous development and promotion of various minimally invasive methods, the application of ureteral soft microscopy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy PCNL and other technologies has become more and more popular, most of the urinary stones can be effectively treated by the above minimally invasive methods, even for complex urinary stones, the net rate of single operation can reach more than 90%. However, one of the clinical features of urinary stones is recurrent recurrence, and the recurrence rate increases over time. The recurrence rate of this disease is about 50% within 5-10 years in the United States and more than 80% in China. Most recurrences occur 2-3 years after treatment such as lithotripsy, with a cumulative total recurrence rate of 50% at 5 years and more than 70% at 9 years, so urinary stones are especially important to prevent after treatment. The most common crystalline phase in human stones is calcium oxalate (CaOxa), which accounts for about 70% of the composition of urinary stones, and uric acid stones account for about 5-10% of urinary stones, of which pure uric acid stones account for about 75-80%. Low urinary citrate, high urinary calcium and urinary acidification are important factors in the mechanism of urinary stone formation, and low citrate urine is an independent risk factor for new and recurrent urolithiasis patients, which becomes one of the most common biochemical abnormalities in patients with urolithiasis, and its incidence can be as high as 63%. Therefore, citrate and its salts play a very important role in the prevention and treatment of urinary stones, especially calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones.