Introduction It is a very common disease that “stone” in kidney, ureter or bladder will not only cause pain, hematuria, but also cause urinary tract infection. If the stone obstructs the urinary tract for a long time, it will cause hydronephrosis, and even kidney function will be damaged. The incidence of urinary calculi in the elderly is quite high, because bone decalcification and osteoporosis in old age make a large amount of calcium in the bones enter the bloodstream and be excreted in the urine, as a result of the increase in calcium content in the urine, which can easily lead to urinary calculi. Urinary stones are one of the most common urological diseases. There are more males than females, about 4-5:1. The formation mechanism is not fully elucidated and there are various theories. Recurrence rate is high. There is no ideal prevention method for most stones. In the past decade, the treatment of urinary tract stones has developed rapidly, and about 90% of urinary tract stones can no longer be treated with traditional open surgery. Diagnosis of urinary stones The most commonly used method is ultrasound, which can detect stones above 0.3mm. skilled medical personnel can use ultrasound to check the whole urinary tract for stones, which is intuitive, convenient and non-invasive. x-ray abdominal plain film can see most of the urinary stones, and for the negative stones, the x-rays can penetrate through the stones, and thus cannot be seen. x-ray imaging, for the dissimilar ureteral stones, can determine whether it is a stone or a stricture. The cost of CT is high, and CT combined with three-dimensional reconstruction in our hospital can clearly define the situation of stone obstruction. The reason for the development of urinary stones 1, environmental factors: natural environment – such as regional differences, differences in climatic conditions, such as hot areas can be due to sweating leads to increased concentration of urine, the increase in the calcium content of the water to make it easier for the formation of stones. Social conditions- Excessive intake of animal protein makes bladder stones more common in children. Oxalate stones increase in areas rich in fruits and vegetables. Abundant material life so that the upper urinary tract stones increase. 2, individual factors: (1) genetic factors: some autosomal inheritance caused by renal tubular dysfunction, congenital enzyme deficiency, etc. are closely related to stone formation of some genetic diseases. The incidence of stone disease in the family of patients with stone disease is higher than the family of patients with non-stone disease. Such as our clinical often see a family almost all have a history of urinary calculi. (2) Diseases: some diseases such as hyperthyroidism, cortisolism, long-term bedridden, osteolytic bone tumor, and so on have induced the formation of stones may be. (3) Other metabolic abnormalities, in addition to metabolic abnormalities caused by some congenital or acquired diseases, there are also some metabolic abnormalities whose causes are not very clear, such as idiopathic hyperuricemic calcium, idiopathic hyperuric acid, and so on. (4) Dietary habits and the body’s adaptive capacity: people who do not like to drink water increased incidence of stones, eat more dairy products to increase calcium absorption (adults) eat more meat to increase uric acid in the urine, a large amount of spinach can increase urinary oxalic acid excretion, all have the possibility of increasing the factors of stone formation. (5) drugs: acetazolamide (commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma), vitamin D poisoning, large amounts of oral vitamin C (can be converted to oxalic acid), corticosteroids, sulfonamide, aspirin, etc. can occur stones (long-term use). 3, urinary factors: patients with prostatic hypertrophy caused by decreased urinary patency, increased residual urine, bladder stone generation opportunities. Ureteral congenital stenosis caused by renal pelvic fluid easy to become stones, while the stone obstruction of the urinary tract and make the stone growth accelerated. Preventive measures 1, adequate drinking water, to ensure that there is 1500 ml of urine per day, especially at night should also be appropriate drinking water, drinking water can not only prevent urinary calculi, but also help smaller urinary calculi discharged. 2, if the urinary stone is not big, the diameter is less than 1 cm, no urinary tract infection or obstruction phenomenon, renal function is still good, can be tried without surgery way of treatment, including drinking more water, more activities, as well as taking Chinese medicine that is conducive to the discharge of stones, such as Chinese patent medicine stone-discharging punch, but also can be used in a formula decoction, such as 60g of Qianqin Cao, Hai Jinsha 15g, Chicken Nei Jin 9g, etc., 1 dose of decoction per day, can be taken for a period of time. The decoction can be taken continuously for a period of time. Our hospital has successfully eliminated stones for many patients. 3, larger stones, it is estimated that difficult to discharge by themselves, available extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. This is a use of underwater high-voltage discharge caused by explosive vaporization of water, releasing huge energy, so the water produces ultrasonic shock waves. This powerful shock wave after focusing, the scattered power to concentrate, aiming at the urinary stones in the body, the stones will be crushed, and then discharged with the urine stone. 4, the last method is surgical treatment, open surgery to remove the urinary stones, especially some of the stone blockage time is too long, or larger urinary stones, or kidney function has been affected, need to strive for a cure as soon as possible cases. In short, urinary stones in the body can not be left alone, you should work closely with your doctor to find appropriate and effective methods to deal with urinary stones as soon as possible. Dietary prevention of urinary calculi appropriate and contraindicated Urinary calculi is a common disease of the adult urinary system. The relationship between its onset and diet is extremely close, therefore, the prevention of the occurrence and development of urinary stones depends largely on whether it is reasonable to eat. Experts pointed out that the measures to prevent urinary stones lies in the scientific and reasonable diet, summarized in the following aspects of the appropriate and contraindicated. Desirable: mainly including the importance of dietary fiber, calcium-containing foods and vitamin food supplements in three areas. 1, pay attention to dietary fiber intake: studies have shown that dietary fiber intake and the incidence of urinary calculi is negatively correlated to increase dietary fiber intake can make the urinary calcium oxalate and uric acid reduction. Cereals, potatoes and fresh vegetables are rich in fiber, to do coarse and fine mix, eat more fresh vegetables can play a useful role in increasing dietary fiber. 2, increase the intake of calcium-containing foods: low-calcium can make osteolysis greater than bone generation, blood and urine calcium are higher, but also make the absorption of oxalic acid and excretion through the urinary tract increased, so that oxalic acid and calcium deposition occurs to promote the generation of urinary calculi. Therefore, the diet should increase the intake of calcium-containing foods, such as milk, fish and shrimp, kelp and so on. Be careful not to take calcium to prevent urinary calculi, too much calcium instead of increasing the risk of urinary calculi. 3, eat more vitamin-rich foods: vitamin B6 can reduce the formation of urinary calcium oxalate crystals, vitamin K can reduce urinary oxalic acid content, and thus in the diet should increase the intake of these two vitamins. Green vegetables such as alfalfa, spinach, cabbage and oranges are rich in two vitamins, eat some appropriate to help reduce the incidence of urinary calculi. Avoid: mainly include limiting the amount of food containing oxalic acid, animal protein food and high salt food and so on 3 aspects. 1, limit the amount of oxalic acid food intake: most of the urinary oxalic acid from the body’s metabolism, a small number of food, but still pay attention to reduce the intestinal absorption of oxalic acid, to try to avoid eating oxalic acid-rich foods such as chocolate, coffee and so on. 2, control the intake of animal protein food: excessive intake of animal protein can increase the excretion of oxalic acid and calcium from the urine, reduce the excretion of citrate, reduce urinary pH and increase the chance of urinary stone formation. So in the diet should pay attention to control the excessive intake of animal protein. 3, avoid eating high salt food: high salt food can promote the increase of urinary calcium, at the same time reduce the excretion of citrate, thus increasing the incidence of urinary stones, so in the daily meal cooking should be less salt, to eat less salted vegetables, bacon and fried food, to maintain a light diet. At the same time, pay attention to drink more water, in order to prevent the occurrence and recurrence of urinary stones.