Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of female reproductive organs, second only to cervical cancer and uterine cancer in incidence, but the mortality rate is the highest among gynecological tumors. What are the common signs? How to diagnose ovarian cancer? Risk factors Family factors, a history of ovarian cancer in a first-degree relative (mother, daughter or sister) or second-degree relative (grandmother or aunt) in the family; genetic factors, genetic information from parents, three inheritance patterns have been identified (separate loci-specific ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer, ovarian cancer and colon cancer); other risk factors, such as early menarche, late menopause, no history of pregnancy. Common signs of ovarian cancer Ovarian cancer is basically asymptomatic in the early stage, so regular physical examination is needed to detect adnexal masses in time. Lower abdominal pain, abdominal distension Mass in the lower abdomen Gastrointestinal distention, unexplained abdominal distention, or constipation Common diagnostic methods 1. Gynecological examination: Any discovery of adnexal masses in the uterus should be further examined. For postmenopausal elderly women, gynecological examination reveals ovaries of the same size as before menopause, further examination is also required. 2.Imaging examination Imaging examination is of great value in the diagnosis, staging and evaluation of the efficacy of ovarian cancer after treatment. Commonly used methods are ultrasound, CT or MPd examination. 3.Cytological examination For patients with ascites, exfoliative cytological examination can clarify the diagnosis of some patients. Dissection and pathology Dissection and pathological examination are the most reliable methods to confirm the diagnosis and stage of ovarian cancer. 5.Tumor marker examination: cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin.