Retinopathy of prematurity is the main cause of “white pupils” in infants and children, and is also an important cause of blindness. Premature infants who meet the screening criteria should undergo regular fundus examinations for early detection and treatment. How to know if a premature infant has retinopathy of prematurity A fundus exam must be performed by an ophthalmologist with professional experience in fundus examinations to determine if a premature infant has retinopathy of prematurity and the subsequent treatment measures. The current screening standard in China is for preterm infants with birth weight <2000g and corrected gestational age <32 weeks at birth, and the timing of screening is 4-6 weeks after birth, or 32 weeks corrected gestational age (the earlier of the two time points). How retinopathy of prematurity is treated Not all retinopathy of prematurity requires treatment; most require only close observation and can resolve on their own. Retinopathy of prematurity should be treated according to the area and stage of lesion involvement and whether it is combined with PLUS lesions, etc. Common treatments include retinal laser photocoagulation/frozen, vitreous cavity injection of anti-VEGF drugs, extra-scleral pad pressure, lens/vitreous excision, etc. Late stage treatment is ineffective.