What is retinopathy of prematurity In the past, the mortality rate of preterm infants was high. The introduction of high concentrations of oxygen in the care of preterm infants from the 1940s led to a significant increase in the survival rate of preterm infants, but this was followed by a large number of children going blind. This was due to the development of retinopathy of prematurity in low birth weight infants who had been treated with high concentrations of oxygen. This disease has been experimentally shown to be associated with excessive oxygen use and is thought to be caused by oxygen toxicity, which stimulates the immature retinal tissue to proliferate blood vessels. Therefore, the key to preventing retinopathy of prematurity is prevention. Oxygen must be given to premature infants in maternity hospitals in accordance with the regulations, and recently our country has issued standards for the administration of oxygen to premature infants. Measures to prevent retinopathy of prematurity blindness First, control the duration of oxygen use and try to use it for a short period of time. Second, the fundus should be checked regularly for premature or low weight infants with oxygen and followed up to 3-6 months. Third, laser and cryotherapy can be chosen for progressive lesions, most of which can be regressed. Fourth, vitreous or retinal surgery can be chosen for advanced cases, but the results are poor. In conclusion, the disease requires the joint efforts of pediatricians, obstetricians, ophthalmologists and parents to raise awareness, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment to avoid blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity from the surface.