Early detection and treatment are extremely important for children with eye diseases, and many children can avoid visual disability if they are detected and treated early. Many eye diseases that are not cured in childhood will result in lifelong eye disability. According to ophthalmologists, premature and low-weight infants, should be screened for retinopathy of prematurity at 4-6 weeks after birth. Unlike adults, eye diseases in children are mainly congenital, including congenital dacryocystitis, congenital ptosis, congenital refractive error, congenital cataract, and congenital glaucoma. Three types of eye diseases that are more harmful to children should be of particular concern to parents: (1) retinopathy of prematurity, which occurs in premature newborns; (2) congenital cataracts; and (3) some other congenital eye diseases, including conjunctivitis, lacrimal sacculitis, and congenital ptosis. Therefore, a baby’s “first visit to the ophthalmologist” can be made after 24 hours of life. An experienced pediatric ophthalmologist can detect most newborn eye diseases by observing the newborn’s response to light stimulation, external eye examination, and red light reflex. Those who pass the initial screening are admitted to the normal pediatric health screening process, while those who do not pass the screening and are diagnosed with an eye disease are offered intervention or treatment. For example, because the retina of preterm infants is not well developed, retinopathy of prematurity may occur, and untimely detection and treatment may lead to blindness in the child. Mr. Chen’s baby was blinded because of the lack of early treatment. “My BB was born prematurely at 36 weeks and is now one year old, only 1.33kg at birth, and was on high-flow oxygen and ventilator while in the hospital. The doctor at the hospital where BB was born at that time advised us to go to the hospital as early as possible to treat the child’s retinopathy, but because we didn’t think there was something wrong with the child’s eyes, we ended up waiting until the child was 1 year old and then went to see the doctor, who also thought there was no way to treat it.” Xiang Daoman said that newborns born with only 1.33kg, which is a low birth weight baby, and who have used high-flow oxygen administration while in the hospital need to be screened for retinopathy of prematurity as early as possible. Damage to retinopathy of prematurity can be completely avoided if ophthalmic monitoring is performed on premature infants who use oxygen, especially if the best treatment period is seized for surgical treatment. Tips: (1) Premature infants should be screened for fundus pathology at 4-6 weeks of life, and if the doctor suspects that the child has other eye diseases, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed at birth. (2) If there is a family history of eye disease, the child should receive an eye examination before the age of 1 week. (3) At 2-3 years of age, a comprehensive examination of visual acuity, binocular vision, and eye health. (4) A full eye exam should also be performed before the child enters school at age 6.