Premature infants are live births born before 37 full weeks of gestational age, and most of them have a birth weight of less than 2,500 g and a head circumference of less than 33 cm. Each year, nearly 22 million babies are born worldwide with birth weights below 2500g, most of which are preterm. In recent years, the incidence of preterm births has continued to rise due to population growth, delayed female childbearing age, misuse of assisted reproductive technology, environmental stress, and complications during pregnancy. Premature babies not only increase the burden of families, but also bring a series of social problems. I. What is retinopathy of prematurity? Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition caused by abnormal development and proliferation of retinal vessels in the fundus of preterm infants, usually in both eyes. In mild cases, the blood vessels are abnormal and may degenerate naturally; in severe cases, retinal detachment may occur, leading to lifelong blindness. Since infants do not have the ability to speak, they cannot be detected early and often cause irreversible blindness. Second, what conditions are infants eligible for retinopathy of prematurity? Retinopathy of prematurity, especially in preterm infants with low gestational weeks and low birth weight, is more likely to occur and has a high blindness rate, which has caused widespread concern from all walks of life. 2004, the Ministry of Health of China promulgated the Guidelines for the Treatment of Premature Infants with Oxygen and Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity, which requires that for preterm or low birth weight infants with birth weight ≤ 2000g, screening for retinopathy of prematurity should be performed at 4-6 weeks after birth or at 32 weeks of corrected gestational age. Screening for eye diseases. However, screening of all eligible infants is still not done in less developed areas in the west. The disease is prevention-oriented and has good results if detected early and treated early; once treatment is missed, it can lead to lifelong blindness. Therefore, eye examinations as required are essential to improve the quality of survival of the affected children throughout their lives. Screening conditions: Premature infants and low birth weight infants with birth weight ≤ 2000g and gestational age ≤ 34 weeks, clear refractive interstitial and stable vital signs (no serious systemic diseases such as precardiac disease, neonatal pneumonia, severe ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, etc.) meet our screening criteria. The scope of screening for preterm infants with serious diseases can be expanded appropriately. The first screening time is 4-6 weeks after birth or 32 weeks of corrected gestational age. 4: Screening methods: 1. Spot dilating eye solution in both eyes (4-6 times, 10 minutes apart each time); 2. Spot surface anesthetic eye solution after fully dilating the pupils; 3. Special lid opener for infants to prop up the eyelids and clear eye gel drops on the corneal surface; 4. Start the examiner for retinal examination. 5.For infants over 6 months old, sedation should be taken according to the situation for better examination, please ask the examiner for the time and dosage. V. Precautions after the examination: 1. local antibiotic eye solution in both eyes; 2. follow-up examination in one week or two weeks; 3. fundus laser, cryotherapy or surgery for the lesion; 4. regular follow-up. 6. Prevention of retinopathy of prematurity: 1. Ensure the health of the mother and baby during the perinatal period; 2. Newborns should use oxygen inhalation correctly; 3. For premature or low weight infants who use oxygen inhalation, regular fundus examination should be performed and follow-up for 3-6 months; 4. surgery, but the prognosis is poor. In conclusion, retinopathy of prematurity requires the joint efforts of obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, ophthalmologists and parents to recognize the disease, detect and treat it early in order to avoid blindness of retinopathy of prematurity.