The prostate enlargement, also known as prostate hypertrophy, is a common disease in middle-aged and older men. it rarely occurs in men under the age of 40, but as the age of the prostate increases, about 50% of men have an enlarged prostate at the age of 45, and almost all men at the age of 90 have enlarged prostate tissue. The prostate enlargement is a benign disease that in itself is not very harmful, but as the size of the prostate gradually increases, patients experience different clinical manifestations. These manifestations are sometimes inconsistent with the size of the gland. In the early stages, the prostate gland becomes congested and irritated causing an increase in the frequency of urination. The increase in nocturnal urination is evident at first, and as the obstruction worsens, frequent urination may also occur during the day. At the same time, the bladder wall thickens and can overcome the resistance of the neck to drain the urine. As the gland enlarges and gradually exceeds the compensatory capacity of the bladder, the urine will remain in the bladder to varying degrees and the effective capacity of the bladder is reduced, making the frequency of urination increasingly worse. Bladder outlet obstruction can also occur to varying degrees of difficulty in urination, prolonged urinary effort, thinning of the urine line, urine dripping and the gradual emergence of urinary retention. In addition to frequent urination and difficulty in urination, prostate enlargement can sometimes lead to hematuria and painful urination, as well as stones and infections. Most chronic patients in the late stage have fluid in the upper urinary tract, which eventually impairs kidney function and can be life-threatening in serious cases. In addition, the difficulty in urination requires long-term increase in abdominal pressure to squeeze out the urine, which can lead to hernia, hemorrhoids and prolapse. Elderly male patients with lower urinary tract obstruction should be questioned in detail about the symptoms of urinary frequency and difficulty in urination and observed for urination. In advanced patients, enlarged kidneys may be palpated bilaterally in the abdomen due to severe hydronephrosis. In urinary retention, a cystic mass can be palpated on the pubic bone and there is a sensation of urination when pressing on the mass. Signs of renal insufficiency such as anemia, facial and limb swelling should be noted. The rectal finger examination is an important diagnostic method for prostate disorders. It is important to empty the bladder before the examination and note whether the external anal sphincter is relaxed to exclude neurological disorders that cause similar symptoms. The enlarged prostate can be felt on rectal examination. The surface of the gland is smooth, firm and elastic, and the median groove disappears. However, the estimate of the size of the prostate is not accurate enough to palpate the part that projects into the bladder. The normal size of the prostate on rectal finger examination cannot exclude prostatic hyperplasia. Ultrasound examination of the prostate can be performed via the abdominal, urethral and rectal routes. Ultrasound examinations of the prostate gland can be performed when the bladder is full, so that different sections of the prostate gland can be seen and the overall size of the prostate gland and its enlargement can be understood. Transabdominal ultrasound is less discriminating of the internal structures of the prostate. Transrectal ultrasound scans are now commonly used. Urodynamic examination, which includes uroflowmetry, bladder pressure and urethral pressure measurement, is important in the diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia to determine the presence and degree of obstruction, urethral and internal and external sphincter resistance in the prostate, and to assess the function and degree of damage to the forced urinary muscle. The urinary flow rate is reduced to 10 ml/s (normal value >15 ml/s) in prostatic hyperplasia. On X-ray urographic radiographs, the bottom of the bladder is arched upwards causing filling defects, the bladder is rough and uneven at the edges when there is trabecular formation in the bladder wall, and diverticula are occasionally seen; with vesicoureteral reflux it shows varying degrees of hydronephrosis in the renal pelvis ureter. Cystoscopy is painful and can lead to urethral injury in cases of severe obstruction, unless other tests fail to make a definitive diagnosis or are accompanied by hematuria to exclude urological tumors and to make a definitive diagnosis. Cystoscopy allows direct observation of the bladder neck, the size of the middle lobe and both lobes, and the presence of trabeculae and diverticulae in the bladder wall to see if stones, tumors, and other lesions are combined.