China is a large country with more than 100 million people infected with the hepatitis B virus. Most of them are healthy carriers and only need regular follow-up without special treatment. However, in the following cases, it is important to consider antiviral treatment. Whether you are an infectious disease physician or a general practitioner, it is a good idea to keep these indications for antiviral treatment of hepatitis B in mind. In order to guide the clinical. 1, general indications ① HBeAg positive, HBV DNA ≥ 10 of 5 copies/ml (equivalent to 20 000 IU/mL); HBeAg negative, HBV DNA ≥ 10 of 4 copies/ml (equivalent to 2000 IU/mL); ② ALT ≥ 2 ULN; if treated with IFN, ALT should be ≤ 10 ULN and total serum bilirubin should be < 2 ULN; ③ ALT <2 ULN, but liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥4, or inflammatory necrosis ≥G2, or fibrosis ≥S2. Note: ULN means upper limit of normal 2, other cases ① For persistent HBV DNA positive, not meeting the above treatment criteria, but one of the following circumstances, should also be considered for antiviral therapy: for ALT > ULN and age > For those with ALT > ULN and age > 40 years, antiviral therapy should also be considered. (ii) For those with persistently normal ALT but older (> 40 years old), close follow-up and preferably liver biopsy should be performed; if liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥ 4, or inflammatory necrosis ≥ G2, or fibrosis ≥ S2, antiviral therapy should be actively administered (II). (iii) For those with evidence of disease progression (e.g., enlarged spleen) on dynamic observation, liver histology is recommended and antiviral therapy should be given if necessary. Note: Elevated ALT due to drugs, alcohol or other factors should be ruled out before starting treatment, as well as temporary normalization of ALT after application of enzyme-lowering drugs. In some special diseases such as cirrhosis or taking biphenyl structured derivatives, the AST level may be higher than ALT, and the AST level can be used as the main indicator at this time.