● What is phosphorus? Phosphorus is one of the more abundant elements in the body, second only to calcium. Both phosphorus and calcium are important building blocks for bones and teeth. The total amount of phosphorus in normal adult bone is about 600 to 900 grams, accounting for 80 percent of the total phosphorus content, which is combined with calcium and stored in bones and teeth. Phosphorus is more easily absorbed by the muscle than calcium, so phosphorus deficiency does not usually occur. ● Why is there hyperphosphatemia in renal failure? Under normal circumstances phosphorus is ingested through the diet and elimination of phosphorus is mainly done by the kidneys. In dialysis patients, renal failure cannot eliminate phosphorus and hyperphosphatemia occurs. It can affect the concentration of calcium ions in the blood, causing it to decrease even more. What is the relationship between blood phosphorus and blood calcium? Phosphorus is compensated from the intestine and combined with calcium, which limits calcium absorption. This, together with anorexia and hypoproteinemia in kidney disease, and impaired production after kidney disease, can reduce blood calcium. ● What complications can be caused by high blood phosphorus and low blood calcium? High blood phosphorus and low blood calcium stimulate the parathyroid glands and cause secondary hyperparathyroidism, resulting in impaired bone calcification, which can lead to rickets in young patients and uremic bone disease in adult patients, such as fibrous osteitis, osteochondrosis, osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, etc., such as spontaneous fractures, metastatic calcification, bone deformation, cranial sclerosis, resulting in hydrocephalus and cranial nerve compression, leading to eye atrophy, facial paralysis It is an important complication and pathogenic factor for patients with renal failure, which needs to be dealt with actively and effectively. Strict control of blood phosphorus is the main method to prevent hyperparathyroidism and metastatic calcification. How to effectively control blood phosphorus in hemodialysis patients? 1. Adequate dialysis can help control hyperphosphatemia, but most of the phosphorus in the body exists in human cells, so hemodialysis can only remove a relatively small amount of phosphorus. 2, protein is the main food containing phosphorus, hemodialysis patients need to eat a high quality protein diet, restricting the diet to reduce phosphorus intake can improve hyperphosphatemia, but low phosphorus diet is not conducive to maintaining adequate nutrition and adequate protein intake, and malnutrition and protein intake is common in dialysis patients. Therefore, we should not rely too much on dietary restrictions to reduce phosphorus intake, but should first ensure adequate nutritional intake, but should try to avoid eating high phosphorus foods. 3, the use of phosphorus binding agents, after oral administration in the gastrointestinal tract and dietary phosphorus combined to form non-absorbable substances, and then excreted through the feces, thereby reducing the absorption of phosphorus in the intestine. Common blood phosphorus binding agents such as: gastric lotion, gastric medicine and calcium tablets, aluminum or calcium-containing products, etc. What should I do with my diet? Human food is rich in phosphorus, and most of it can be used by the body, except for the phytate form, which cannot be fully absorbed and utilized by the body. Secondly, people with oliguria should strictly limit foods containing phosphorus and potassium. What are high phosphorus foods? Nuts: walnuts, almonds, peanuts, pistachios, black sesame, melon seeds, cashew nuts, pine nuts. Offal: pig liver, loin, heart, brain, intestine. Whole discards: brown rice, cereals, germ rice, whole wheat bread, barley, dried lotus seeds. Dried beans: soy beans, red beans, green beans, flower beans. Dairy products: milk powder, cheese, fresh milk, flavored milk. Yeast: Yogurt, Yogurt, Yogurt, Kentucky Sugar, Yeast Powder. Others: cola, chocolate, tea, egg yolk, carbonated drinks, pollen, lecithin.