Cerebral hemorrhage, a kind of stroke, is usually caused by hypertension (about 60%), and is one of the most serious complications of hypertension; it is more common in patients aged 50-60, more in the north than in the south, and occurs in the cold season, especially at the change of seasons, with a slightly higher incidence in men than in women. The incidence is slightly higher in men than in women. The main clinical manifestations are sudden headache, vertigo, vomiting, hemiplegia, aphasia and even impaired consciousness. If the bleeding is small, treatment is conservative, but if the bleeding is large, surgery is required to remove the hematoma. This disease has a high disability and mortality rate, and is a common disease, which is a serious threat to our health in daily life. Onset symptoms Most of them are seen during strenuous exercise, mood swings, coughing and defecation, and also during rest and sleep. The onset of the disease is sudden and progresses rapidly, mostly with severe headache and vomiting, followed by impaired consciousness and neurological deficits. Patients with low bleeding may be awake, but most have impaired consciousness, ranging from drowsiness in mild cases to rapid coma in severe cases. Some have seizure onset or incontinence as the first symptom. There is often contralateral hemiparesis and hemianesthesia, and there may be aphasia with dominant hemisphere hemorrhage. If the disease progresses rapidly and brain herniation occurs, there are corresponding manifestations such as increased muscle tone and positive pathological signs. There may be retinal hemorrhage or optic disc edema in the fundus, unequal pupils, bilateral narrowing or dilatation, deep breathing, irregular rhythm, slow and strong pulse, elevated blood pressure, elevated body temperature, and some patients may have acute gastrointestinal bleeding and vomiting of coffee-colored gastric contents. Depending on the site of hemorrhage (basal ganglia hemorrhage, thalamic hemorrhage, brainstem hemorrhage, cerebellar hemorrhage, ventricular hemorrhage), there may be different clinical features, such as: three deviations, aphasia, ataxia, dysarthria, disturbance of vital signs, and in severe cases, herniation of the foramen magnum may occur, which is life-threatening. Disease prevention 1. Control blood pressure Reasonable application and adjustment of antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of doctors, regular blood pressure monitoring to avoid blood pressure fluctuations. Dietary restrictions on salt intake, weight reduction, lipid reduction and moderate exercise can consolidate and promote the antihypertensive effect of drugs. 2.Lifestyle pattern Develop good lifestyle habits, such as working and resting on time, ensuring sufficient sleep and rest time. Establish good eating habits, avoid overeating, high sugar and high fat vision, alcohol and smoking, should not eat too spicy and stimulating food, excitatory drinks, etc., but should drink water in appropriate amounts several times. 3, physical and mental pleasure The environmental factors of hypertension are diet, social environment, life changes, mental conflicts, etc. Hypertensive patients in tension vasoconstriction response than normal people lasting, mental tension, autonomic activity and the role of conditions can cause hypertension. Although the onset of cerebral hemorrhage is sudden, some patients will have some aura symptoms of varying severity and easy to be ignored within a few hours or days before the onset. It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension should seek medical attention and take correct treatment measures as soon as they experience sudden headache aggravation or intermittent to persistent headache, sudden dizziness or aggravation of the original dizziness, sudden transient numbness, weakness or inflexibility of one limb or head and tongue, or sudden water leakage from the corners of the mouth, hard tongue, inability to bite or spit out words, or sudden persistent increase in blood pressure that does not drop, etc. To ensure safety. Treatment of disease: 1. Surgery To determine the surgery should be a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s general condition, age, state of consciousness, hematoma volume, bleeding site and whether combined with hydrocephalus. It is generally believed that patients with small amount of hemorrhage and consciousness do not need surgery, while those who are deeply comatose and have dilated pupils bilaterally or even unstable vital signs will have poor surgical results. For hemorrhage in the brain lobe and basal nucleus, craniotomy is feasible to remove the hematoma; surgical treatment for thalamic hemorrhage is more cautious; ventricular borehole drainage is feasible for those who break into the ventricles; brain stem hemorrhage is mostly treated by internal medicine, and cerebellar hemorrhage should be more aggressive. Surgical methods: (1) open hematoma removal, according to the site of the hematoma design surgical access, direct vision to remove the hematoma, full decompression. (2) Borehole hematoma drainage, this method is not complete decompression, blind puncture may cause bleeding, should be used with caution. (3) Ventricular puncture and drainage, suitable for ventricular hemorrhage or posterior cranial fossa hemorrhage causing obstructive hydrocephalus. 2.Other therapies Internal treatment: 1 General treatment Bed rest, close observation of the condition, maintain a clear airway, ensure nutrition supply and water-electrolyte balance. 2. Control hypertension; 3. Control cranial pressure Mainly for intracranial hypertension caused by hematoma and edema. Commonly used are osmotic dehydrating agents: 20% mannitol, glycerol fructose; colloid fluid: clear protein; hormones, regarding the therapeutic value of hormones for post-hemorrhagic cerebral edema needs to be weighed against the pros and cons, and should be used with caution. 4. Hemostatic agents Routine use of hemostatic agents is not recommended; 5. Symptomatic management; 6. Management of complications and comorbidities. Prognosis The prognosis is related to the amount and site of bleeding and the basic physical status of the patient. Those with less bleeding and mild neurological impairment recover better, while those with more bleeding and severe impairment of consciousness recover worse.