With the development of medical imaging technology and the enhancement of people’s awareness of health checkups, the detection rate of kidney cancer has been significantly improved compared with the past. In the past, for all kidney cancers, regardless of the size and location of the tumor, all kidneys had to be removed and radical kidney cancer surgery was performed. However, not all patients can complete the normal metabolism after the removal of a kidney, and some patients have renal insufficiency after surgery, which gradually develop into uremia, resulting in the situation of “disease caused by treatment”, which eventually leads to the deterioration of patients’ quality of life and even loss of life. Especially for patients with isolated kidney cancer, double kidney cancer and kidney cancer with renal insufficiency, radical kidney cancer surgery is a difficult choice. In recent years, many hospitals in China have carried out nephrectomy with preservation of kidney unit, which is especially suitable for tumors within 4cm, especially for patients with kidney cancer that occurs on the surface of the kidney or at the two poles of the kidney. It has been proved that there is no significant difference in local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate and postoperative survival rate between nephrectomy with preserved renal unit and radical nephrectomy, which is a great blessing for certain special groups of people. With the advancement of laparoscopic equipment and the improvement of laparoscopic techniques, most tertiary hospitals have already performed laparoscopic nephrectomy with preserved renal units.