The surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma mainly considers the stage of the tumor, but also the patient’s physical condition, willingness, the skill of the doctor in charge and the condition of the hospital, etc. 1.Radical nephrectomy: It is a recognized method to cure kidney cancer, which is suitable for patients with clinical stage 1 or 2, that is, patients whose tumor is confined to the kidney, without distant metastasis or regional lymph node metastasis. The surgery can be done openly or laparoscopically, and now there are reports of robotic laparoscopic surgery. 2.Nephron-unit preserving surgery NSS (also used to be called partial nephrectomy and renal tumor enucleation): The decision to do this surgery is based on the size and location of the tumor, the patient’s condition and the surgeon’s experience, etc. In the 2014 Chinese Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines for Urological Diseases, it is proposed that: (1) Indications for NSS: Kidney cancer occurs in anatomical or functional isolated kidney, and radical nephrectomy will lead to renal function Patients with congenital isolated kidney or uremia, such as those with congenital isolated kidney, contralateral renal insufficiency or non-function, patients with hereditary renal cancer, and bilateral renal cancer. (2) Relative indications for NSS: patients with certain benign diseases in the contralateral kidney of kidney cancer, such as kidney stones, chronic pyelonephritis or other diseases that may lead to deterioration of renal function (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal artery stenosis, etc.). (3) Indications for NSS can be selected: patients with normal contralateral renal function, clinical stage T1a (tumor less than 4cm), tumor located in the periphery of the kidney, single asymptomatic kidney cancer, clinical stage T1b (tumor 4~7cm) can also be selected. 3.Tumor reduction surgery: For patients with metastatic kidney cancer, surgical resection of renal primary foci can be done. For patients with severe hematuria, pain and other symptoms caused by kidney tumor, palliative nephrectomy can be chosen to relieve symptoms and improve survival quality. 4.Surgical resection of metastatic foci: For patients with advanced stage, they should do comprehensive treatment according to their condition. Such as targeted therapy, immunotherapy, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, high intensity focused ultrasound and other treatment methods of renal tumor will be introduced.