Most peripheral neuropathies do not affect life expectancy, but may lead to death if serious complications occur, such as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Peripheral neuropathies are structural and functional disorders of the peripheral motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves, and peripheral neuropathies include the cerebral and spinal nerves other than the olfactory and optic nerves. Peripheral neuropathies can be categorized into two main groups: neuropathy and neuralgia. Neuralgia refers to the occurrence of pain in the distribution area of the affected nerves, whereas the nerve conduction function is normal, and there is no obvious change in the nerve principal quality, such as primary trigeminal neuralgia. Neuropathy refers to peripheral neuropathy and nerve conduction disorders caused by vitamin deficiency, infection, trauma, poisoning, compression, ischemia and metabolic disorders, which may or may not be painful. During treatment, the first step is to clarify the diagnosis and focus on the etiology of the disease, followed by symptomatic treatment, such as the application of pain relief, drugs to promote nerve recovery, and B vitamins, etc. It can also be accompanied by physical therapy, which can help prevent muscle spasms and joint deformities.