Intramuscular injection (referred to as intramuscular injection) is a common clinical route of administration, which generally causes fewer systemic skin problems. Occasionally, rash, angioneurotic edema and pruritus may occur, which are mainly drug-induced allergic reactions, which are generally rare and mostly related to the patient’s allergic constitution.
Severe rash can spread all over the body, manifesting as large erythema, edema, or even large blisters, vesicles, sometimes asphyxia, vomiting, abdominal pain, and when there is shortness of breath, shortness of breath, decreased blood pressure, accelerated pulse, excessive sweating and other shock manifestations, which can be life threatening.
Local redness, swelling, hard nodules, pain and itching sometimes appear at the injection site; local hard nodules are more common. It not only brings pain to the patient, affects drug absorption and efficacy, but also is one of the causes of treatment interruption.
The reasons for the occurrence of sclerosis in myoinjection are many, mainly due to slow absorption of drugs or insufficient depth of injection, and related to drug type, injection method and physical factors.
I. Drug factors
1, the solubility of some drugs is very small, such as progesterone oil, etc., intramuscular injection at the site often due to slow absorption and the formation of hard knots. There are also some drugs in the injection site is very easy to precipitate drug crystals, difficult to absorb, the formation of lumps.
2, there are also some strong stimulating drugs, such as penicillin potassium salt, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, lincomycin and aminophylline, atropine sulfate, iron for the treatment of anemia, etc., after injection are prone to hard nodules, pain.
Second, injection factors
1, because the depth of myoinjection is not deep enough, myoinjection drug injected into the fat layer, and not reached the muscle layer, the drug solution in the fat layer for a long time, crystallization precipitation stimulation tissue, causing the proliferation of fibrous tissue, wrapped around the crystals to form hard knots.
2, in the same site repeatedly injected several times, the drug in the local residence time is prolonged, accumulation and the formation of hard knots. If insulin is injected intramuscularly for a long time, local skin nodules, erythema and even infection will appear.
3, the patient receives the injection when the spirit of excessive tension, muscle can not relax and caused by; or is relatively fat, resulting in the needle piercing depth is not enough, and the injection of the drug into the fat layer, because there are fewer blood vessels, not easily absorbed by the tissue, so that the injection site in the phenomenon of hard nodules.
4. The amount of drug given each time is too much, more than 5mL will increase the chance of forming hard knots.
Third, physical factors
1.When the patient is bedridden for a long time, the muscle activity is relatively reduced, and the blood supply to the local tissues is also reduced, so that the absorption rate of the drug becomes slower and hard nodules are formed gradually.
2, vaccination, such as vaccination caused by the hard nodules, the vaccination site has redness, swelling, heat, pain and itching and can be accompanied by low fever and other symptoms.
3.People with scars.
What should I do when a hard knot occurs? –Soften the hard knots and promote drug absorption
1.Wet and hot compress
Soak a wet towel in hot water at 60-70℃ (or add 50% magnesium sulfate solution), wring it out and put it on the affected area, change it every 3-5 minutes for 20-30 minutes, 3-4 times a day. If with massage effect will be better. This method can relax the muscles, promote blood circulation, accelerate the absorption of the injection site, play a role in reducing swelling and dispersion. The earlier the hot compress, the better the effect.
2.Potato slices compress method
Fresh potato cut into slices, about 0.5-1 cm thick paste on the affected area, (potato slices slightly larger than the hard knots), fixed with gauze strips, daily change a piece, generally external application for a few days can make the hard lumps subside. This is a common recommendation of our medical staff, no potatoes can also be used instead of fresh white radish. You can also cut up fresh potatoes, mash them with vinegar and apply them to the hard lumps.
3.Wounded dampness pain relief paste application method (pregnant women should not be used)
Cut the pain relief cream into the appropriate size and paste it on the hard knots, then use hot water bags with hot water for 10-15 minutes, 1-2 times a day, usually 2-3 days to see results.
4.Yunnan Baiyao external application method
Take a bottle of Yunnan Baiyao and mix it with white vinegar, pinch it into a thin cake and paste it on the hard knot (the cake is slightly larger than the hard knot) and fix it for 2-3 days.
5.Cactus external application
Take a piece of cactus, remove the mango, pound it like mud, put it on the hard knot, cover it with gauze and fix it, once a day.
6.Ice chips rubbing method
The method is to take 2-3 grams of ice chips (available in pharmacies), dissolve in 30 ml of 75% alcohol, after the ice chips dissolve, use sterile gauze dipping solution to rub the hard knots, 5-10 minutes each time, once a day, often 3-5 days to see results.
7, moxibustion (pregnant women use caution)
Take one moxa stick, light it and smoke the hard nodes directly, the patient should feel warm and comfortable, so as not to feel the skin is hot. These can be operated at home, easy to do, of course, you can also go to the hospital for physical therapy, safe and effective. Physiotherapy treatments are magnetic therapy, ultra-short wave, microwave, laser and other methods, all have anti-inflammatory, swelling, pain relief, promote local blood circulation, promote the absorption of drugs and soften the role of hard nodes.
In addition, doctors around the advice, but also put forward the following methods, may also try Oh ~.
1, with boiling hot water with a small amount of salt and then add a little white wine. Use a towel to apply. Be careful not to burn. Three times a day. After the dressing, potato slices to thicker. Put on more than half an hour.
2, hot water, in order not to burn, add magnesium sulfate powder to saturated concentration, towel soaked, hot compress the affected area, 3 times a day, 20 minutes each time, the previous use of good results.
3, alcohol to wet gauze on the swollen and painful parts, 2 times a day, each time 30 minutes, even 5-7 days, the effect is good Oh! 4 rhubarb, mannite 1:1 total grinding fine froth, packed into a gauze bag for external application.