Surgical correction is the only effective treatment for hypospadias and is generally divided into five steps: penile straightening, urethroplasty, urethroplasty and phalloplasty, scrotoplasty, and covering the defective skin with a flap. There are more than 200 surgical procedures, and so far there is no one procedure that can be suitable for any type of hypospadias. Several common surgical procedures used in clinical practice are described below. 1.Urethral orifice advancement and penile head shaping (MAGPI surgery) The urethral orifice is moved forward to the central position of the penile head while the urethral orifice is shaped, and then the shape of the penile head is reconstructed. This method is simple, with few complications and a short hospital stay, and is suitable for cases without obvious penile flexion deformity and without defective skin on the ventral side of the penis. This procedure was first advocated by Duckett in 1981. 2.One-stage urethroplasty of bladder mucosa To correct penile inferior flexion, a slice of bladder mucosa is cut and sutured into a tube, one end of the mucosal tube is anastomosed to the broken end of the urethra, the suture side is fixed to the midline white membrane, the other end is sutured to the normal position of the external urethral opening, and then the urethra is covered with a skin flap. This method was pioneered by Memmelaar (1947) and was modified by Meva in 1975 with a much higher success rate. The bladder mucosa is not hairy, easy to take, and can be trimmed at will. After suturing, the penis will not be twisted or heal poorly due to the high tension of the flap, and the penis has a good appearance, which is especially suitable for cases with multiple failed surgeries, poor skin conditions in the middle of the scrotum, and difficulties in taking local material. However, this procedure requires opening the bladder, and once infection occurs, the whole urethra is prone to necrosis, which makes it more difficult to repair again. This procedure was first reported by Humby (1941). The buccal mucosa is a good source of urethral material for those who have failed repeated surgeries, have no redundant foreskin, and have no desirable bladder mucosa, because it is easily accessible, hairless, tolerant to various stimuli, and the donor area is in the oral cavity. The disadvantage is that the oral mucosal tissue has no blood flow and is prone to contracture resulting in urethral stricture; in addition, scars can appear in the donor area. Therefore, when conditions allow, urethroplasty with a tipped flap should still be preferred. 4, transverse circumferential foreskin flap urethroplasty (Duckett’s operation) A circular incision is made 0,5~0,8 cm from the coronal sulcus, and a “U”-shaped incision is made ventrally around the external urethral opening; the penis is corrected by inferior flexion; the foreskin flap is cut, the vascular tip of the flap is separated and protected, the foreskin flap is wrapped around the F12~14 catheter, sutured into a tube, and transferred The foreskin flap was wrapped around the F12-14 catheter, sutured into a tube, and turned ventral to the penis to be parallel to the penis; a tunnel was cut through the head of the penis, and one end of the new urethra was passed through the tunnel, sutured to the skin of the head of the penis, and the other end was anastomosed to the proximal original urethral opening; the flap was designed to repair the penile wound. This procedure was reported by Duckett in 1980 after modifying the Asopa procedure (1971). The deep blood vessels of the superficial dorsal penile artery are fixed within the vascular tip of the tipped inner foreskin plate, and the formed urethra has an adequate blood supply and is thus less prone to necrosis; the operation avoids excessive use of the penile body and skin of the root, with good postoperative cosmetic results; the foreskin has no hair follicles, and the tissue structure is similar to the urethral mucosa, so the new urethra has good physiological function and is resistant to urinary stimulation, and is less likely to have urethral recession and secondary penile downward curvature. However, this procedure has limited access to material and is suitable for some patients with anterior and middle type and dorsal hypospadias with ample foreskin, especially for patients with severe penile hypospadias deformity, and can be the preferred method. In 1989, He Xu reported a group of cases of severe hypospadias with this method, and the success rate of the operation was 93.3%. This procedure is suitable for scrotal and perineal suburethral cleft, but not for those who do not have ample foreskin and penile skin. 6, buried strip method urethroplasty (Denis-Brown operation) This method was once one of the commonly used procedures in China, the operation is simple, but the incidence of postoperative urethral stricture is high, can occur in any part of the newly formed urethra; the incidence of urethral fistula is about 20%, often occurring around the original urethral opening. The reasons for surgical failure are thin flaps covering the urethra, high suture tension, incomplete intraoperative hemostasis, hematoma, retention of urethral secretions, incisional infection, and early postoperative urination. In addition, this method is not easy to move the urethral opening to the top of the head of the penis and requires staged surgery. In 1994, Snodgrass first applied urethral plate longitudinal coiled tube urethroplasty to treat hypospadias, which has gradually become one of the recommended procedures by many urologists and plastic surgeons, especially in the repair of penile scrotal and perineal hypospadias. The procedure is in line with the modern goals of hypospadias repair because of its good penile appearance, the position of the urethral opening at the tip of the penile head, good urinary function, and low short-term complication rate, as well as its simplicity and short operative time. This procedure is also suitable for posterior segment type with corrected hypospadias or with mild hypospadias and previous failed urethroplasty requiring reoperation, especially for those with insufficient materials for urethral reconstruction and phalloplasty, this procedure shows obvious advantages.