After the human body is infected with hepatitis B virus, it can manifest itself in several different stages such as virus carrier, chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Some patients who stop taking medication after receiving antiviral treatment may also experience relapse. Therefore, understanding the development process of hepatitis B can help hepatitis B patients better accept and adhere to antiviral treatment and reduce the occurrence of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B “triple jump”, slow hepatitis B, cirrhosis, liver cancer Hepatitis virus enters the body, if it does not cause liver inflammation, aminotransferases are normal, but the virus is not cleared, and the virus persists in the body for a long period of time for more than 6 months, it is known as hepatitis B virus carriers. If the hepatitis B virus causes the development of liver inflammation, persistent or recurrent elevation of liver function, or hepatitis lesions on histologic examination of the liver, then it is hepatitis B. Chronic hepatitis B patients due to long-term inflammation of the liver, liver cells continue to necrosis, stimulating the transition of fibrous tissue proliferation in the liver, these fibrous tissues will be wrapped up in the liver cells, forming a “pseudo lobe”, liver fibrosis occurs at this time. If viral replication is not effectively suppressed at this time, the inflammation of the liver continues to worsen, the fibrous tissue continues to be deposited in the liver tissue, the supporting tissue of the liver continues to be damaged and collapsed, coupled with disorderly regeneration of hepatocyte nodules, the liver becomes hard, and this is the cirrhosis that we know. Most of the time cirrhosis occurs after the age of 40, but it can occur earlier. Liver cancer can occur at any stage of hepatitis, and cirrhosis has a somewhat greater chance of developing into liver cancer, so it is important for patients with chronic hepatitis B to pay enough attention to it. Although the diagnosis and survival rates of liver cancer are now improving, we still have to do our best not to let hepatitis B progress to this stage. Long-term antiviral therapy reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma Viral replication is the main culprit in the progression of hepatitis B. The key to stopping the progression of the disease is to adhere to long-term antiviral therapy. The landmark 4006 study confirms that 3 years of antiviral treatment with lamivudine can reduce the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by nearly half; 10 years of adherence to lamivudine treatment may realize the complete reversal of early cirrhosis. It can be seen that antiviral treatment for hepatitis B can bring real benefits to hepatitis B patients, so hepatitis B patients should have firm confidence in antiviral treatment to reduce cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma as the goal of treatment. Most patients with chronic hepatitis B wish to stop taking medication early, but clinical studies have found that with short-term antiviral (≤1 year) treatment, 2/3 of patients may experience relapse after stopping medication. Hepatitis B relapse will cause more serious damage to the liver, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, patients with hepatitis B should be psychologically prepared for a long-lasting war when starting antiviral treatment. For treatment programs, they can choose drugs with less cirrhosis and liver cancer, fewer side effects and less expenses, and adhere to the principle of long-term treatment.