Retinopathy of prematurity is a bilateral disease of the eyes caused by abnormal retinal angiogenesis in preterm infants, especially those of very low birth weight, with a prognosis ranging from normal vision to blindness. retinopathy of prematurity occurs in more than 80% of preterm infants with a birth weight of <1 kg, and the rate is higher when many medical complications are present. Excessive oxygen use (especially long-term use) increases the risk of retinopathy of prematurity, but the safe level or the threshold for increasing the duration of oxygen partial pressure is unclear. The development of significant retinopathy of prematurity is rare in infants with birth weights >1500 g and with appropriate treatment, and other diagnoses should be considered (e.g. familial exudative retinopathy, Norrie disease). Prevention of preterm birth is the best way to prevent retinopathy of prematurity. Screening criteria: 1. Screening for fundus lesions should be started in preterm and low birth weight infants with birth weight <2000g and followed until peripheral retinal vascularization; 2. Screening may be expanded for preterm infants with severe disease; 3. The first examination should be started at 4-6 weeks after birth or 32 weeks of corrected gestational age. The examination should be performed by an ophthalmologist with sufficient experience and relevant knowledge. 4.When using oxygen for preterm infants, especially for very low weight infants, parents must be informed of the characteristics of immature blood vessels in preterm infants, the necessity of using oxygen for preterm infants and the possible hazards. 5. All preterm infants who have undergone oxygen therapy and meet the criteria for ophthalmic screening should be screened for ophthalmic ROP at 4 to 6 weeks after birth or at 32 to 34 weeks of corrected gestational age for early detection and early treatment. A special reminder here is that, in fact, with the usual attention of parents, the child can be diagnosed before the third stage, so that many children can be saved from bad luck. So, how can early detection be achieved? Generally speaking, newborns' eyes are light-sensitive at birth; at two months, they can look at objects in a coordinated manner and their eyes can move 90° horizontally with the objects; at three months, head-eye coordination begins to appear and their vision can move 180° with the objects; at four months, hand-eye coordination appears and they can grasp objects with their hands and begin to recognize their mother and familiar objects; at six months, they can distinguish between acquaintances and strangers; at one year At 6 months of age, the child can distinguish between acquaintances and strangers. Parents should always pay attention to the changes in their children's vision during the developmental period, and if they fail to meet the above vision standards during the corresponding period, they should be alerted and seek medical help as soon as possible. In addition to parental observation, domestic and international experts recommend regular eye examinations for premature infants in order to prevent the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity must be routinely performed on newborns at risk of developing the disease, such as those who are also less than 38 weeks of gestational age or weigh less than 2,000 grams, and who have suffered asphyxia, received oxygen or blood transfusions after birth. The specific time of screening: 1, gestational age greater than 32 weeks or birth weight of 1500-2000 grams, the initial examination should be conducted in the fourth week after birth, and every two weeks thereafter. 2, gestational age greater than 28 weeks or weight in the 700 ~ 1500 grams, should be in the second week after birth for the first examination, after once every two weeks. If the gestational age is less than 28 weeks or the weight is less than 700 grams, the first examination should be performed in the first week after birth, and then twice a week thereafter. The above examination should be continued until the retina is mature, and once the third stage lesion is found during the examination, condensation or laser photocoagulation should be performed in time to stop the further development of the lesion. Finally, it is again important to detect retinopathy of prematurity early and to intervene early, otherwise, once the best time for treatment is missed, it may lead to lifelong blindness of the child.