1.What are the manifestations of vulvar cancer? Itching and pain of vulva are common symptoms of vulvar cancer, and the course of the disease is usually long. The lesions most often occur in the labia majora and minora, clitoris, perineum, etc., which can be manifested as local nodules or ulcers that do not heal for a long time, and in advanced stage, there are also discomfort such as increased purulent or bloody discharge and painful urination. 2.How to diagnose vulvar cancer? Vulvar cancer is located on the surface of the body, and the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical symptoms, physical signs and biopsy. For ulcers or lumps that do not heal for a long time, timely consultation should be made and biopsy should be actively taken to confirm the diagnosis. 3.What is pre-cancerous lesion of vulva? Pre-cancerous lesion of vulva is also called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has certain malignant potential, and the chance of developing into vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is about 15%-25%. Therefore, once diagnosed, treatment should be aggressively carried out. Among them, the preferred treatment for high-grade lesions is local surgical excision. 4.Treatment methods of vulvar cancer? Surgery is the first treatment method for vulvar cancer. For cases with poorly differentiated tissues and intermediate and advanced stages, radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be supplemented. 5.Risk factors of vulvar cancer? The main risk factors for vulvar cancer are sclerosing moss of vulva or other inflammatory diseases of vulva. Other risk factors include age, human papilloma virus or herpes virus infection. In addition, obesity, hypertension and diabetes are also risk factors for vulvar cancer. 6.What is the prognosis of vulvar cancer? The average 5-year survival rate of vulvar cancer is 75%. The earlier the clinical stage, the smaller the lesion and the less lymph node metastasis, the better the prognosis of patients. Therefore, active treatment of precancerous lesions and early detection of vulvar cancer are the key measures to improve the prognosis of vulvar cancer patients. 7.How to detect vulvar cancer at an early stage? It is recommended that women regularly perform self-examination of vulva and go to hospital for physical examination. For patients with chronic vulvar pruritus with poor treatment effect and long-term or recurrent ulcers, early biopsy should be performed for pathological examination. Patients with previous history of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia or vulvar cancer, as well as patients with localized vulvar skin thickening or hyperkeratosis, should be referred to vulvar specialist outpatient clinic for treatment or follow-up. 8.How to prevent vulvar cancer? Patients should keep vulva clean and dry in general, prohibit irritating drugs or alkaline soap to wash vulva, generally use only warm water to wash, the water temperature should not be too hot, avoid wearing non-breathable chemical fiber underwear, loose and breathable cotton underwear is appropriate, avoid eating spicy and allergic food. At the same time, actively treat gynecological inflammation and chronic internal diseases, such as mycosis fungoides, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc., and promote a healthy lifestyle.