The female vulva includes labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, clitoris and mons pubis, etc. Malignant tumors of the skin and mucous membrane, its appendages and vestibular gland occurring in this area are collectively called vulvar cancer. Vulvar cancer is not rare, and its incidence accounts for about 3.5% of malignant tumors of female genital tract. Primary vulvar malignant tumors are less common, mostly occurring in the labia majora and minora, and occasionally in the perineum, and mostly occur in postmenopausal elderly women. Risk factors 1.Long-term chronic stimulation Due to the anatomical characteristics of vulva, it is easily stimulated by factors such as urine and faeces, menstruation and vaginal secretions, resulting in poor hygiene of vulva, forming chronic dermatitis, chronic ulcers, dry skin disease, lymphogranuloma and other precancerous lesions. 2. Certain venereal diseases herpes virus infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminata, venereal disease, venereal disease granuloma, etc. may be the causative factors of vulvar malignant tumor. Young vulvar malignant tumor patients mostly occur on the basis of venereal disease granuloma. 3. Certain vulvar lesions such as leukoplakia vulvae, papilloma vulvae, etc. 4, diabetes mellitus is related to the stimulation of urine and its components. 5.Pigmented nevus, especially in middle-aged and elderly women, is likely to be a precursor of cancer if changes in color and size of vulvar pigmented nevus are found and accompanied by itching. Abnormal manifestations 1. Vulvar itching: it is the most common symptom, this symptom usually lasts for a long time, and vulvar lumps appear after 5 to 10 years. 2.Nodules or lumps in vulva, with faster growth, and there may be contact bleeding. 3. Slight pain, sometimes ulcers or small amount of bleeding, ulcers that do not heal for a long time, accompanied by pain in the vulva or burning sensation when urinating. 4. Increased vulvar discharge or foul smell, mostly caused by secondary infection of tumor. Some vulvar skin surface has hypopigmentation, similar to white spots. 5.The lesion may involve vulva, perineum and perianal area, with urinary and fecal disorders. 6. Lymph node enlargement in the groin can be found in the late stage. Prevention of vulvar malignant tumor 1. Keep vulva clean, pay attention to menstrual hygiene, avoid long-term chronic stimulation of secretions and prevent skin inflammation. 2. Clean yourself and prevent sexually transmitted diseases. 3.Actively treat chronic inflammation of vulva and vulvar itching caused by various departments. 4.For vulvar leukoplakia, pigmented mole, papilloma and various warts, it is best to remove them as early as possible after clear diagnosis. 5. For ulcers that have not been cured for a long time, exfoliative cell examination and biopsy should be performed to detect problems and deal with them as early as possible. 6.Menopausal patients with chronic vulvodynia, vulvar itching, vulvar lumps, history of venereal disease, viral infection, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, etc., or women who have suffered from cervical cancer or breast cancer should be considered as high-risk group, pay attention to self-examination, timely consultation and regular follow-up. 7.Precancerous lesions of vulva can be treated by follow-up observation or laser, freezing, local injection of 5-fluorouracil under the guidance of a specialist. 8.After surgical treatment of vulvar malignant tumor, it should be reviewed regularly. Generally, it should be reviewed once a month in 1~6 months, once every 2 months in 7~12 months, once every 3 months in the second year, once every 6 months in 3~5 years, and once a year after 5 years.