What are the common causes of crush injuries?

  Crush syndrome refers to a person being buried by a heavy object, especially a muscle-rich limb being crushed for more than an hour (e.g., thigh), and subsequently causing a series of pathological changes in the body, clinically manifested mainly as oliguria or even anuria, characterized by renal failure.  Post-traumatic acute renal tubular necrosis and acute renal failure caused by the absorption of toxic intermediate metabolites into the blood after blood and tissue protein destruction and decomposition after trauma. This is a common cause of late onset death in injured patients with extensive soft tissue contusions.  After the occurrence of crush injury, there are different degrees of local tissue destruction and blood supply disconnection, when the crush force is lifted, due to the rupture of capillaries in the injured part, obstruction and increased permeability, there are different degrees of bleeding and plasma exudation, a part of the red blood cells rupture, a large amount of water, potassium ions (potassium ions exist in the cells), protein, etc., accumulate in the tissue interstitial, so that the local blood circulation is affected , the damaged tissue will be due to ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in necrosis.  The necrosis of injured tissues, mainly the destruction of myocytes, will make a large release of myoglobin, creatine, creatinine and other acidic products of tissue decomposition, which will be harmful to the heart and kidneys, leading to heart and kidney failure.