Pancreatic cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor of the digestive system, and its incidence is increasing year by year worldwide, and the death rate has jumped to the top five of all tumors. The annual incidence of pancreatic cancer in the United States is reported to be 42,470 cases and 35,240 deaths, ranking the fifth cause of death-related diseases. Despite the great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, its prognosis is still not optimistic, half of the patients die within 5 months after diagnosis, and after surgical resection, except for a few specialized hospitals and professional doctors, most of the reported five-year survival rate of patients is between 10%-20%, and the overall five-year survival rate still hovers around 5%, replacing liver cancer as the “king of cancer”. The overall five-year survival rate still hovers around 5%, replacing liver cancer as the “king of cancers”. Information from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the annual incidence of pancreatic cancer in the city has reached 1,800 cases, with women taking the seventh place and men taking the eighth place among solid tumors, with a mortality rate almost close to its incidence. For this reason, the author recently interviewed Professor Ni Quanxing, Director of the Institute of Pancreatic Diseases of Fudan University, Professor Emeritus of Surgery of the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University and Honorary Director of Pancreatic Hepatobiliary Surgery. I am concerned about the risk factors of pancreatic cancer (hereinafter referred to as “pen”): According to a survey, the overall incidence of malignant tumors in Shanghai is decreasing, but the incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing significantly, with an average annual increase of about 2%. What is the reason for this? Prof. Ni Quanxing (hereinafter referred to as “Ni”): According to epidemiological survey, the global standardized incidence rate of pancreatic cancer in the world population is 4.4/100,000 for men and 3.1/100,000 for women; 7.8/100,000 and 5.0/100,000 for men and women in developed countries and regions respectively; 2.5/100,000 and 1.7/100,000 for developing countries and regions. 1.7/100,000 in developing countries and regions. In Shanghai, the incidence of pancreatic cancer in 2000 reached 7.7/100,000 and 5.8/100,000 among men and women respectively, which is already a high level. Although the exact cause of pancreatic cancer has not yet been found, there are many risk factors closely related to the occurrence of pancreatic cancer. First of all, it is unhealthy lifestyle. Smoking is the only recognized risk factor that has a definite effect on the development of pancreatic cancer. A large number of foreign prospective studies and case-control studies have shown that the risk of death of pancreatic cancer patients who smoke and non-smokers is 1.6-3.1:1, and the amount of smoking is positively correlated with the development of pancreatic cancer. Autopsy in animal experiments can see proliferation of pancreatic ductal cells and atypical changes in the nucleus in smokers, and these changes are positively correlated with the amount of smoking. The conclusion of the carcinogenic effect of alcohol consumption on the pancreas is different, and it is currently believed that there is no significant correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer, but long-term heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk. In addition, some foreign studies have concluded that the risk of pancreatic cancer will increase significantly with more than 3 cups of coffee per day. Secondly, it is unbalanced diet structure. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research summarized the results of studies on the relationship between diet and pancreatic cancer and concluded that foods rich in red meat (pork, beef, lamb), high fat and high energy may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, while the incidence of pancreatic cancer can be prevented by 33%-50% through the intake of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits. A diet rich in vegetables and fruits and green beverages such as fruit juices and green tea. Components with antioxidant effects, they can prevent cell damage and even repair damaged cells. Therefore, there may be a preventive effect against pancreatic cancer. The fiber and vitamin C in plant foods may also have a protective effect. If we only like to eat foods rich in red meat (pork, beef and lamb) with good taste, high fat and high energy in our daily life, not eating a diet rich in vegetables and fruits, and binge drinking, we will not only increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, but also increase the risk of other cancers such as bowel cancer. Thirdly, it is the disease factor. Diabetes mellitus or abnormal glucose tolerance as the cause of pancreatic cancer is still debated, and the debate is mainly about whether diabetes mellitus is an early symptom or complication of pancreatic cancer, or a causative factor, and those who favor it as the cause are currently dominant. In particular, patients with sudden onset diabetes without a family history of diabetes should be screened for pancreatic cancer. In addition, a large cohort study in Finland found that H. pylori increased the risk of pancreatic cancer, in particular, the risk of pancreatic cancer was twice as high in serum H. pylori CagA antibody-positive patients as in serum H. pylori CagA antibody-negative patients. This result supports the report of previous case-control studies, but the relationship between H. pylori and pancreatic cancer needs further validation. Fourth, is the history of surgery. The development of pancreatic cancer may be related to the removal of the gallbladder, and the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients who have had their gallbladder removed for more than 20 years has been reported to be more than 70%. Experiments have confirmed that post-cholecystectomy can cause elevated levels of cholecystokinin in the body circulation, and the latter can promote the development of pancreatic cancer in rodents. Fifthly, there are genetic factors. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that pancreatic cancer is characterized by family aggregation, and among patients with pancreatic cancer, those with a family history of pancreatic cancer are 3-13 times more likely than those without a family history of pancreatic cancer. In addition, pancreatic cancer has been associated with several highly characteristic genetic syndromes, including hereditary pancreatitis, familial multiple atypical papillary melanoma, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. These syndromes are often associated with certain genetic mutations in germ cells. Sixth, inflammatory factors. It has been shown that recurrent chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic duct stones or calculous pancreatitis may be a pre-cancerous lesion. Seventh, malignant transformation of benign tumors. There are several benign tumors in the pancreas, but primary benign tumors, such as mucinous cystadenoma and intraductal mucinous papilloma, are likely to malign to pancreatic cancer. If we can avoid these risk factors and manage them appropriately and early. The growth of pancreatic cancer may then be curbed.