Children’s craniocerebral trauma is a common clinical disease, many families often panic when encountering this situation, and sometimes delayed because of the diagnosis is not timely, here we have a few common children’s traumatic brain injury is introduced. Children’s craniocerebral trauma is divided into scalp injury, skull injury and brain injury according to the part of the injury. First, scalp injury: scalp injury in various forms, according to whether the subcutaneous and external communication can be divided into closed injury and open injury. The former is mainly scalp hematoma, the latter is scalp laceration. Most scalp hematomas do not require special treatment and can be self-absorbed. A few hematomas are located in the subcapsular tendon membrane layer, between it and the periosteal layer. It spreads widely due to tissue laxity. At this time, the head is significantly deformed, and the injured children often show different degrees of effective circulating blood volume insufficiency due to blood loss, such as pallor, rapid pulse, and so on. Part of the hematoma is soft, fluctuating, and has no obvious boundary when palpated after softening. Treatment: Within 24-48 hours of the acute phase of bleeding, local cold compresses are recommended. If the hematoma has not been absorbed after 1 week, the blood can be extracted under aseptic conditions, and then the head can be bandaged with pressure to facilitate the healing of local tissue adhesion. If the hematoma increases in size quickly after aspiration, it is important to consider whether the hematoma is due to rupture of a larger artery. In this case, the relevant artery (often the superficial temporal artery) can be compressed with a finger, and the hematoma can be aspirated by puncture again. If there is no more bleeding after aspiration, we should consider surgical ligation of the blood vessel; sometimes we even need to make incisions or flaps to stop bleeding. Second, skull fracture: children in six years old before the skull development is incomplete, only a layer of rich elasticity of the bone plate, so easy to deformation of the depression, part of the fracture or separation of the bone seam can occur. Fractures in different parts of the skull are treated very differently depending on the depression. In general, most skull base fractures heal by themselves without treatment in the vast majority of cases. For depressed fractures, revision surgery may be considered if the fracture is too deeply indented or if it is compressing an important functional area. In the case of comminuted fracture, the bone fragments should be removed as soon as possible if the compression of the fragments causes cerebral nerve injury. In addition, open fracture combined with skin damage and brain tissue injury should be emergency craniotomy to avoid intracranial infection. Brain injury: like adults, children’s brain injury can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary injury. The former is formed at the time of injury, the lesions caused by concussion, brain contusion, cerebral laceration (the latter two are often referred to as cerebral contusion); the latter is formed after a period of time, the common lesions for brain edema, hemorrhage and hematoma, etc., which are always referred to as post-traumatic intracranial secondary lesions. 1.Concussion: it is a kind of mild craniocerebral injury, with only transient consciousness disorder, no anatomical pathological changes visible to the naked eye, and CT examination is often negative. However, some children may also have serious delayed neurological deterioration, such as physical development and language expression difficulties. 2, cerebral contusion: for the brain parenchyma is damaged, in addition to cerebral ischemia, cerebral edema and brain displacement. Children often show more serious neurological dysfunction. Such as lethargy, impaired consciousness, poor spirit, severe headache, vomiting. Some of them even have dilated pupils, dyspnea, unstable blood pressure or accelerated heart rate, and scattered intracranial hemorrhages and cerebral edema can be seen on CT examination. This kind of injury needs hospitalization, and some of them need emergency surgery. 3.Intracranial hematoma: According to the location of hematoma, it can be divided into intracerebral, subdural and epidural. Its occurrence mechanism is mostly due to the rupture of vascular injury or skull fracture caused by trauma. The clinical manifestations of the child are closely related to the time and size of the hematoma. One type of hematoma that deserves parental attention is the delayed-type hematoma. That is, the child is relaxed and observed when no abnormality is seen on the CT scan immediately after the injury, but after a period of time the child’s symptoms suddenly worsen, or even fall into a coma or die. This is usually due to the early examination of hematoma has not yet formed, and when the hematoma reaches a certain level in the late stage, then fall into a coma. Therefore, children with brain injury should be closely observed for at least 24 hours, and if necessary, up to 72 hours, and CT should be reviewed in time according to the changes in the condition. Treatment: A small amount of hematoma does not require special treatment, only close observation and symptomatic drug treatment. Large hematoma with severe clinical manifestations requires prompt craniotomy and decompression of the bone flap if necessary.