Neurological dysfunction after pathological damage of neurological injury, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral palsy, neurodegenerative diseases and neurogenetic diseases is an important factor affecting the prolongation of human life. Long-term follow-up clinical studies have confirmed that the use of cell-based neuroprosthetic approaches can be a safe and feasible treatment strategy to partially restore neurological function in patients with advanced complete spinal cord injury, improve the quality of survival, and to a certain extent, realize the patients’ dream of getting back on their feet and walking again. The treatments for which evidence-based medical evidence is available include drugs (methylprednisolone), surgery (early spinal cord decompression, myelotomy, nerve grafting lateral suture), various types of cell transplantation (olfactory sheath cells, autologous bone marrow stromal cells, autologous activation of cevonex cells), neuroelectromagnetic stimulation (percutaneous, transdural and transcranial), intensive rehabilitation training, and so on. Brain damage cell transplantation therapy Among the above treatments, brain damage cell transplantation therapy is a hotspot of research by scholars from various countries. Scholars from many countries have confirmed that cell-based comprehensive neurorestoration methods can help patients with post-stroke sequelae, motor neuron disease, multiple system atrophy, cerebral palsy sequelae, and Alzheimer’s disease to improve their neurological function and survival quality. The conference reports current cell types that can be applied include: human spinal cord-derived neural stem and progenitor cells, genetically modified mesenchymal stromal cells, umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, autologous bone marrow stromal cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal cells, and adipose stem cells. Robot-assisted Rehabilitation Devices Robot-assisted rehabilitation related reports were also eye-catching at the conference. Research shows that based on rehabilitation engineering, bionic design and high intelligence, through robot-driven limbs to do repetitive rehabilitation exercise, it is expected to rebuild the nervous system controlling limb movement, and realize the patient’s actions of standing, sitting, walking, going up and down the stairs, exercising and other actions in daily life, so as to obtain a stronger independent living ability. Participating experts reported the spasticity changes of gait training robot-assisted in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury patients, and the repair status of hip and knee joints after using robot-assisted gait training in incomplete spinal cord injury patients. Nanotechnology and Neurostimulation Neuromodulation stimulation and nanotechnology or a future direction worth actively exploring. Some studies have confirmed that deep brain stimulation has the potential to promote nerve regeneration, protects nerves from deep brain stimulation in stroke and Huntington’s disease, and improves seizures and prognosis. Meanwhile, nanotechnology in neuroprosthetics has shown a wide range of applications, with nanomicroenvironments having an impact on the growth, migration and differentiation of transplanted cells, and being able to positively guide the regeneration and extension of axons.